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SIR JOHN FENWICK (c. 1645-1697)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 260 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:JOHN See also:FENWICK (c. 1645-1697)  , See also:English conspirator, was the eldest son of See also:Sir See also:William See also:Fenwick, or Fenwicke, a member of an old See also:Northumberland See also:family . He entered the See also:army, becoming See also:major-See also:general in 1688, but before this date he had been returned in See also:succession to his See also:father as one of the members of See also:parliament for Northumberland, which See also:county he represented from 1697 to 1687 . He was a strong See also:partisan of See also:King See also:James II., and in 1685 was one of the See also:principal supporters of the See also:act of See also:attainder against the See also:duke of See also:Monmouth; but he remained in See also:England when William III. ascended the See also:throne three years later . He began at once to See also:plot against the new king, for which he underwent a See also:short imprisonment in 1689 . Renewing his plots on his See also:release, he publicly insulted See also:Queen See also:Mary in 1691, and it is practically certain that he was implicated in the schemes for assassinating William which came to See also:light in 1695 and 1696 . After the seizure of his See also:fellow-conspirators, See also:Robert See also:Charnock and others, he remained in hiding until the imprudent conduct of his See also:friends in attempting to induce one of the witnesses against him to leave the See also:country led to his See also:arrest in See also:June in 1696 . To See also:save himself he offered to reveal all he knew about the Jacobite conspiracies; but his See also:confession was a See also:farce, being confined to charges against some of the leading Whig noblemen, which were damaging, but not conclusive . By this See also:time his friends had succeeded in removing one of the two witnesses, and in these circumstances it was thought that the chargq of See also:treason must fail . The See also:government, however, overcame this difficulty by introducing a See also:bill of attainder, which after a See also:long and acrimonious discussion passed through both Houses of Parliament . His wife persevered in her attempts to save his See also:life, but her efforts were fruitless, and Fenwick was beheaded in See also:London on the 28th of See also:January 1697, with the same formalities as were usually observed at the See also:execution of a peer . By his wife, Mary (d . 1708), daughter of See also:Charles Ho-See also:ward, 1st See also:earl of See also:Carlisle, he had three sons and one daughter .

See also:

Macaulay says that " of all the See also:Jacobites, the most desperate characters not excepted, he (Fenwick) was the only one for whom William See also:felt an intense See also:personal aversion "; and it is interesting to See also:note that Fenwick's hatred of the king is said to date from the time when he was serving in See also:Holland, and was reprimanded by William, then See also:prince of See also:Orange .

End of Article: SIR JOHN FENWICK (c. 1645-1697)
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