FESTINIOG (or FFESTINIOG)  , a town of Merionethshire, North Wales, at the head of the Festiniog valley, 600 ft. above the sea, in the midst of rugged scenery, near the stream Dwyryd, 31 M. from Conway . Pop. of urban district (1901), 11,435 . There are many large slate quarries in this parish, especially at Blaenau Festiniog, the junction of three railways, London & North Western, Great Western and Festiniog, a narrow-gauge line between Portmadoc and Duffws . This light railway runs at a considerable elevation (some 700 ft.), commanding a view across the valley and lake of Tan -y Bwlch, Lord Lyttelton's letter to Mr Bower is a well-known panegyric on Festiniog . Thousands of workmen are employed in the slate quarries . The Cynfael falls are famous . Near are Beddau gwyr Ardudwy(the graves of the men of Ardudwy), memorials of a fight to recover women of the Clwyd valley from the men of Ardudwy . Near, too, is a rock named " Hugh Lloyd's pulpit " (Lloyd lived in the time of Charles I., Cromwell and Charles II.) .