See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

CYRUS See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

WEST See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• CYRUS WEST FIELD (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

FIELD (1819-1892)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American capitalist, projector of the first See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic See also:

• CABLE (from Late Lat. capulum, a halter, from capere, to take hold of)
• CABLE, GEORGE WASHINGTON (1844– )

cable, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• STOCKBRIDGE

Stockbridge, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 3oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1819 . He was a See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• DUDLEY
• DUDLEY, BARONS AND EARLS OF
• DUDLEY, EDMUND (c. 1462—1510)
• DUDLEY, SIR ROBERT (1573—1649)
• DUDLEY, THOMAS (1576-1653)

Dudley See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field . At fifteen he became a clerk in the See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store of A . T . See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart & Co., of New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and stayed there three years; then worked for two years with his brother, See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• DICKINSON, ANNA ELIZABETH (1842– )
• DICKINSON, JOHN (1732–1808)

Dickinson Field, in a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper-See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill at See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee, Massachusetts; and in 1840 went into the paper business for himself at See also:

• WESTFIELD

Westfield, Massachusetts, but almost immediately became a partner in E . See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

Root & Co., wholesale paper dealers in New York See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, who failed in the following See also:

• YEAR

year . Field soon afterwards formed with a ' See the Manesse See also:

• MSS

MSS. reproduced in See also:

• PART

part. by F . H. vpn der See also:

• HAGEN
• HAGEN, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH VON DER (178o-1856)

Hagen, Heldenbilder (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1855) and Bildersaal . The fiddles are reproduced in J . Ruhlmann's Geschichte der Bogeninstrumente (See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick, 1882), plates . 2 See See also:

• SCHILLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON (1759-18o5)

Schiller's See also:

• THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)

Thesaurus antiq . Teut. vol. i. p .

379 . brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law the See also:

• FIRM

firm of See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus W . Field & Co., and in 1853 had accumulated $250,000, paid off the debts of the Root See also:

• COMPANY

company and retired from active business, leaving his name and $roo,000 with the concern . In the same year he travelled with See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick E . See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, the artist, through See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America . In 1854 he became interested, through his brother Matthew, a See also:

• CIVIL

civil engineer, in the project of Frederick See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton See also:

• GISBORNE

Gisborne (1824—1892) for a See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph across See also:

• NEWFOUNDLAND

Newfoundland; and he was attracted by the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of a trans-Atlantic telegraphic cable, as to which he consulted S . F . B . See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

Morse and Matthew F . See also:

• MAURY, LOUIS FERDINAND ALFRED (1817–1892)
• MAURY, MATTHEW FONTAINE (1806-1873)

Maury, See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• OBSERVATORY

Observatory at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington . With See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• COOPER
• COOPER (or COUPER), THOMAS (c. 1517-1594)
• COOPER, ABRAHAM (1787—1868)
• COOPER, ALEXANDER (d. i66o)
• COOPER, CHARLES HENRY (18o8-1866)
• COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE (1789-1851)
• COOPER, PETER (1791-1883)
• COOPER, SAMUEL (1609-1672)
• COOPER, SIR ASTLEY PASTON (1768-1841)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1759–1840)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1805–1892)
• COOPER, THOMAS SIDNEY (1803–1902)

Cooper, See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor (1806-1882), See also:

• MARSHALL
• MARSHALL, ALFRED (1842– )
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1755–1835)
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1818-1891)
• MARSHALL, STEPHEN (c. 1594-1655)

Marshall See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen See also:

• ROBERTS, DAVID (1796-1864)
• ROBERTS, FREDERICK SLEIGH ROBERTS, EARL

Roberts (1814—188o) and See also:

• CHANDLER, HENRY WILLIAM (1828-1889)
• CHANDLER, RICHARD (1738-1810)
• CHANDLER, SAMUEL (1693-1766)
• CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH (1813-1879)

Chandler See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White, he formed the New York, Newfoundland & See also:

• LONDON

London Telegraph Company, which procured a more favourable See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter than Gisborne's, and had a See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of $1,500,000 . Having secured all the practicable landing rights on the American See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the ocean, he and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John W .

Brett, who was now his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal colleague, approached See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

Bright (q.v.) in London, and in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1856 the Atlantic Telegraph Company was organized by them in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant being secured of £14,000 annually for government messages, to be reduced to fro,000 annually when the cable should pay a 6% yearly See also:

• DIVIDEND (Lat. dividendum, a thing to be divided)

dividend; similar grants were made by the See also:

• UNITED

United States government . Unsuccessful attempts to See also:

• LAY

lay the cable were made in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1857 and in See also:

• JUNE

June 1858, but the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete cable was laid between the 7th of See also:

• JULY

July and the 5th of August 1858; for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time messages were transmitted, but in See also:

• OCTOBER

October the cable became useless, owing to the failure of its See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

electrical insulation . Field, however, did not abandon the enterprise, and finally in July 1866, after a futile See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt in the previous year, a cable was laid and brought successfully into use . From the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress of the United States he received a See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal and a See also:

• VOTE

vote of thanks, and he received manyother honours both at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and abroad . In 1877 he bought a controlling See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the New York Elevated Railroad Company, controlling the Third and Ninth See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

Avenue lines, of which he was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president in 1877—1880 . He worked with See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

Jay See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould for the completion of the See also:

• WABASH

Wabash railway, and at the time of his greatest stock activity bought The New York Evening See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

Express and The See also:

• MAIL

Mail and combined them as The Mail and Express, which he controlled for six years . In 1879 Field suffered financially by See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel J . See also:

• TILDEN, SAMUEL JONES (1814-1886)

Tilden's heavy sales (during Field's See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe) of " Elevated " stock, which forced the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price down from 200 to 164; but Field lost much more in the great " Manhattan squeeze " of the 24th of June 1887, when Jay Gould and See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

Sage, who had been supposed to be his backers in an attempt to bring the Elevated stock to 200, forsook him, and the price See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell from 1562 to 114 in See also:

• HALF

half an See also:

• HOUR

hour . Field died in New York on the 12th of July 1892 . See the See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by his daughter, See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella (Field) See also:

• JUDSON, ADONIRAM (1788-1850)

Judson, Cyrus W . Field, His See also:

• LIFE

Life and See also:

• WORK

Work (New York, 1896) ; H . M .

Field, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Atlantic Telegraph (New York, 1866) ; and Charles Bright, The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of the Atlantic Cable (New York, 1903) .