Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD (1816-1899)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 323 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

STEPHEN See also:JOHNSON See also:FIELD (1816-1899)  , See also:American jurist, was See also:born at Haddam, See also:Connecticut, on the 4th of See also:November 1816 . He was the See also:brother of See also:David See also:Dudley See also:Field, See also:Cyrus W . Field and See also:Henry M . Field . At the See also:age of thirteen he accompanied his See also:sister See also:Emilia and her See also:husband the Rev . See also:Josiah See also:Brewer (the parents of the distinguished See also:judge of the Supreme See also:Court, David J . Brewer) to See also:Smyrna, See also:Turkey, for the purpose of studying See also:Oriental See also:languages, but after three years he returned to the See also:United States, and in 1837 graduated at See also:Williams See also:College at the See also:head of his class . He then studied See also:law in his See also:elder brother's See also:office, and in 1841 he was admitted to the New See also:York See also:bar . He was associated in practice there with his brother until 1848, and See also:early in 1849 removed to See also:California, settling soon afterward at Marysville, of which See also:place, in 185o, he became the first See also:alcalde or See also:mayor . In the same See also:year he was chosen a member of the first See also:state legislature of California, in which he See also:drew up and secured the enactment of two bodies of law known as the See also:Civil and Criminal Practices Acts, based on the similar codes prepared by his brother David Dudley for New York . In the former See also:act he embodied a See also:provision regulating and giving authority to the See also:peculiar customs, usages, and regulations voluntarily adopted by the miners in various districts of the state for the See also:adjudication of disputed See also:mining claims . This, as Judge Field truly says, " was the See also:foundation of the See also:jurisprudence respecting mines in the See also:country," having greatly influenced legislation upon this subject in other states and in the See also:Congress of the United States .

He was elected, in 1857, a See also:

justice of the California Supreme Court, of which he became See also:chief justice in 1859, on the resignation of Judge David S . See also:Terry to fight the See also:duel with the United States senator David C . Broderick which ended fatally for the latter . Field held this position until 1863, when he was appointed by See also:President See also:Lincoln a justice of the United States Supreme Court . In this capacity he was conspicuous for fearless See also:independence of thought and See also:action in his See also:opinion in the test See also:oath See also:case, and in his dissenting opinions in the legal See also:tender, See also:conscription and " slaughter See also:house " cases, which displayed unusual legal learning, and gave powerful expression to his strict constructionist theory of the implied See also:powers of the Federal constitution . Originally a Democrat, and always a believer in states' rights, his strong See also:Union sentiments caused him nevertheless to accept Lincoln's See also:doctrine of See also:coercion, and that, together with his See also:anti-See also:slavery sympathies, led him to act with the Re-publican party during the See also:period of the Civil See also:War . He was a member of the See also:commission which revised the California See also:code in 1873 and of the Electoral Commission in 1877, voting in favour of See also:Tilden . In 188o he received sixty-five votes on the first See also:ballot for the presidential nomination at the Democratic See also:National See also:Convention at See also:Cincinnati . In See also:August 1889, as a result of a ruling in the course of the See also:Sharon-See also:Hill litigation, a notorious See also:conspiracy case, he was assaulted in a California railway station by Judge David S . Terry, who in turn was shot and killed by a United States See also:deputy See also:marsh all appointed to defend Justice Field against the carrying out of Terry's often-expressed threats . He retired from the Supreme Court on the 1st of See also:December 1897 after a service of See also:thirty-four years and six months, the longest in the court's See also:history, and died in See also:Washington on the 9th of See also:April 1899 . His See also:Personal Reminiscences of Early Days in California, originally privately printed in 1878, was republished in 1893 with See also:George C .

Gorham's See also:

Story of the Attempted Assassination of Justice Field .

End of Article: STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD (1816-1899)
[back]
NATHAN FIELD (1587—1633)
[next]
BARON WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD FIELD (1813-1907)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click and select "copy." Paste it into a website, email, or other HTML document.