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FIELD (a word common to many West Ger...

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 324 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FIELD (a word See also:common to many See also:West See also:German See also:languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the See also:earth, and ultimately with See also:root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)  , open See also:country as opposed to woodland or to the See also:town, and particularly See also:land for cultivation divided up into See also:separate portions by hedges, See also:banks, See also:stone walls, &c.; also used in See also:combination with words denoting the See also:crop grown on such a portion of land, such as See also:corn-See also:field, See also:turnip-field, &c . The word is similarly applied to a region with particular reference to its products, as oil-field, See also:gold-field, &c . For the " open " or " See also:common field See also:system of See also:agriculture in See also:village communities see See also:COMMONS . Generally with a reference to their " See also:wild " as opposed to their " domestic " nature " field " is applied to many animals, such as the " field-See also:mouse." There are many applications of the word; thus from the use of the See also:term for the See also:place where a See also:battle is fought, and widely of the whole See also:theatre of See also:war, come such phrases as to " take the field " for the opening of a See also:campaign, " in the field " of troops that are engaged in the operations of a campaign . It is frequently used figuratively in this sense, of the subject See also:matter of a controversy, and also appears in military usage, in field-fortification, field-See also:day and the like . A "field-officer" is one who ranks above a See also:captain and below a See also:general (see See also:OFFICERS); a field See also:marshal is the highest See also:rank of general officer in the See also:British and many See also:European armies (see MARSHAL) . " Field" is used in many See also:games, partly with the See also:idea of an enclosed space, partly with the idea of the ground of military operations, for the ground in which such games as See also:cricket, See also:football, baseball and the like are played . Hence it is applied to those players in cricket and baseball who are not " in," and " to field " is to perform the functions of such a player—to stop or catch the See also:ball played by the " in " See also:side . " The field " is used in See also:hunting, &c., for those taking See also:part in the See also:sport, and in racing for all the horses entered for a See also:race, and, in such expressions as " to back the field," is confined to all the horses with the exception of the " favourite." A common application of the word is to a See also:surface, more or less wide, as of the See also:sky or See also:sea, or of such See also:physical phenomena as See also:ice or See also:snow, and particularly of the ground, of a See also:special " See also:tincture," on which armorial See also:bearings are displayed (see See also:HERALDRY) ; it is thus used also of the " ground " of a See also:flag, thus the See also:white See also:ensign of the British See also:navy has a red St See also:George's See also:cross on a white " field." In scientific usage the word is also used of the See also:sphere of observation or of operations, and has come to be almost See also:equivalent to a See also:department of knowledge . In physics, a particular application is that to the See also:area which is influenced by some See also:agent, as in the magnetic or electric field . The field of observation or view is the area within which See also:objects can be seen through any See also:optical See also:instrument at any one position . A " field-See also:glass " is the name given to a See also:binocular glass used in the field (see BINOCULAR INSTRUMENT); the older See also:form of field-glass was a small achromatic See also:telescope with See also:joints .

End of Article: FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
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