NATHANIEL See also:

• NATHANIEL FIENNES (c. 1608-1669)

FIENNES (c. 1608-1669)  See also:

• ENGLISH

English politician, second son of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, 1st See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Saye and Sele, by See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, daughter of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple, of See also:

• STOW, JOHN (c. 1525-1605)

Stow in See also:

• BUCKINGHAMSHIRE (abbreviated Bucks)
• BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, EARLS OF

Buckinghamshire, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1607 or 1608, and educated at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and at New See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, where as founder's See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin he was admitted a perpetual See also:

• FELLOW

fellow in 1624 . After about five years' See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence he See also:

• LEFT

left without taking a degree, travelled abroad, and in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland imbibed or strengthened those religious principles and that hostility to the Laudian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church which were to be the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive in his future See also:

• POLITICAL

political career . He returned to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland in 1639, and established communications with the See also:

• COVENANTERS

Covenanters and the Opposition in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and as member for See also:

• BANBURY

Banbury in both the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long Parliaments he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the attacks upon the church . He spoke against the illegal canons on the 14th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1640, and again on the 9th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1641 on the occasion of the reception of the See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition, when he argued against See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

episcopacy as constituting a political as well as a religious danger and made a See also:

• GREAT

great impression on the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, his name being added immediately to the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee appointed to See also:

• DEAL

deal with church affairs . He took a leading part in the examination into the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot; was one of the commissioners appointed to attend the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to Scotland in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1641; and was nominated one of the committee of safety in See also:

• JULY

July 1642 . On the outbreak of hostilities he took arms immediately, commanded a See also:

• TROOP (an adaptation of Fr. troupe, O. Fr. trope; cf. Ital. troppa, troppa; Med. Lat. truppus; the origin is doubtful; suggestions have been made that it represents a German conception of Latin turba, crowd, or is an adaptation of Norw. tarp, flock)

troop of See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse in the army of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• COVENTRY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

Coventry in August, and at the fight at See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, where he distinguished himself, and subsequently at Edgehill . Of the last two engagements he wrote accounts, viz . True and Exact Relation of both the Battles fought by . . . See also:

• EARL

Earl of Essex . . against the Bloudy Cavaliers (1642) . (See also A Narrative of the See also:

• LATE

Late See also:

• BATTLE

Battle before Worcester taken by a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

Gentleman of the Inns of See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court from the mouth of See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master See also:

• FIENNES, NATHANIEL (c. 1608-1669)

Fiennes, 1642) .

In February 1643 Fiennes was sent down to See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol, arrested See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel Essex the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, executed the two leaders of a plot to deliver up the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and received a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission himself as governor on the 1st of May 1643 . On the arrival, however, of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• RUPERT (1352—1410)
• RUPERT (HRODBERT), ST
• RUPERT, PRINCE, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE AND DUKE OF BAVARIA (1619—1682)

Rupert on the 22nd of July the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was in no See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition to resist an attack, and Fiennes capitulated . He addressed to Essex a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter in his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence (See also:

• THOMASON, GEORGE (d. 1666)

Thomason Tracts E . 65, 26), See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up for the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament a Relation concerning the Surrender . . . (1643), answered by See also:

• PRYNNE, WILLIAM (1600-1669)

Prynne and See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker accusing him of treachery and cowardice, to which he opposed See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

Col . Fiennes his Reply . . . . He was tried at St Albans by the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in December, was pronounced guilty of having surrendered the place improperly, and sentenced to See also:

• DEATH

death . He was, however, pardoned, and the facility with which Bristol subsequently capitulated to the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary army induced See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell and the generals to exonerate him completely . His military career nevertheless now came to an end . He went abroad, and it was some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time before he reappeared on the political See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene .

In September 1647 he was included in the army committee, and on the 3rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1648 he became a member of the committee of safety . He was, however, in favour of accepting the king's terms at See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport in December, and in consequence was excluded from the House by See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

Pride's Purge . An opponent of church See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in any See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, he was no friend to the rigid and tyrannical See also:

• PRESBYTERIANISM

Presbyterianism of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and inclined to Independency and Cromwell's party . He was a member of the council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in 1654, and in See also:

• JUNE

June 1655 he received the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for the custody of the great See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal, for which he was certainly in no way fitted . In the parliament of 1654 he was returned for Oxford See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county and in that of 1656 for the university, while in January 1658 he was included in Cromwell's House of Lords . He was in favour of the See also:

• PROTECTOR

Protector's See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the royal See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title and urged his See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of it on several occasions . His public career closes with addresses delivered in his capacity as chief commissioner of the great seal at the beginning of the sessions of January 20, 1658, and January 2, 1659, in which the religious basis of Cromwell's government is especially insisted upon, the feature to which Fiennes throughout his career had attached most value . On the reassembling of the Long Parliament he was superseded; he took no part in the Restoration, and died at See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton Tony in See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire on the 16th of December 1669 . Fiennes married (I), Elizabeth, daughter of the famous parliamentarian See also:

• SIR

Sir John See also:

• ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM (1834– )
• ELIOT, GEORGE
• ELIOT, JOHN (1604-1690)
• ELIOT, SIR JOHN (1592-1632)

Eliot, by whom he had one son, afterwards 3rd Viscount Saye and Sele; and (2), Frances, daughter of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• WHITEHEAD, WILLIAM (1715-1785)

Whitehead of Tuderley, Hants, by whom he had three daughters . Besides the See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets already cited, a number of his speeches and other political tracts were published (see Gen . See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue, See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum) . See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood also attributed to him See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

Monarchy Asserted (1660) (reprinted in See also:

• SOMERS, JOHN SOMERS (or SOMMERS), BARON (1651–1716)

Somers Tracts, vi .

346 [ed . Scottil, but there seems no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to ascribe to him with Clement Walker the authorship of Sprigge's Anglia Rediviva .