See also:

• FINISTERE, or FINISTERRE

FINISTERE, or FINISTERRE  , the most western See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, formed from See also:

• PART

part of the old See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany . Pop . (1906) 795,103 . See also:

• AREA

Area, 2713 sq. m . It is bounded W. and S. by the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Ocean, E. by the departments of See also:

• COTES, ROGER (1682-1716)

Cotes-du-See also:

• NORD

Nord and See also:

• MORBIHAN

Morbihan, and N. by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Channel . Two converging chains of hills run from the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west towards the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the department and See also:

• DIVIDE

divide it into three zones conveying the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters in three different directions . See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North of the Arree, or more See also:

• NORTHERN

northern of the two chains, the waters of the Douron, Penze and See also:

• FLECHE (French for " arrow ")

Fleche flow northward to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The Elorn, however, after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short northerly course, turns westward and empties into the See also:

• BREST

Brest roads . See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South of the Montagnes Noires, the Odet, Aven, Isoleand EIie flow southward; while the waters of the Aulne, flowing through a region enclosed by the two chains with a westward See also:

• DECLINATION (from Lat. declinare, to decline)

declination, See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge into the Brest roads . The See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are all small, and none of the hills attain a height of 1300 ft . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast is generally steep and rocky and at some points dangerous, notably off Cape Raz and the tie de Sein; it is indented with numerous bays and inlets, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of which—the roadstead of Brest and the Bays of See also:

• DOUARNENEZ

Douarnenez and Audierne—are on ,he west . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal harbours are those of Brest, See also:

• CONCARNEAU

Concarneau, See also:

• MORLAIX

Morlaix, Landerneau, See also:

• QUIMPER

Quimper and Douarnenez .

Off the coast See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie a number of islands and rocks, the principal of which are See also:

• USHANT (Fr. Ouessant)

Ushant (q.v.)N.W. of Cape St Mathieu, and Batz off See also:

• ROSCOFF

Roscoff . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is temperate and equable, but humid; the prevailing winds are the W., S.W. and N.W . Though more than a third of the department is covered by See also:

• HEATH
• HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1766)
• HEATH, WILLIAM (1737—1814)

heath, See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste See also:

• LAND

land and See also:

• FOREST

forest, it produces oats, See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• BUCKWHEAT

buckwheat, See also:

• RYE

rye and See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley in quantities more than sufficient for its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . In the extreme north the neighbourhood of Roscoff, and farther south the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the Brest roadstead, are extremely fertile and yield large quantities of See also:

• ASPARAGUS

asparagus, artichokes and onions, besides melons and other fruits . The See also:

• CIDER (q.v.)
• CIDER, or CYDER (from the Fr. cidre, derived from the Lat. sicera or cisera, Gr. mucepa, Heb. shade, strong drink)

cider See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple is abundant and furnishes the chief drink of the inhabitants . See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

Hemp and See also:

• FLAX

flax are also grown . The See also:

• FARM

farm and See also:

• DAIRY

dairy produce is plentiful, and See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention is paid to the breeding and feeding of See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle and horses . The See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey and See also:

• WAX

wax is considerable . The See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries of the coast, particularly the See also:

• PILCHARD (in earlier 16th century forms pylcher, pilchar; of unknown origin; the Fr. pilseir is adapted from Eng.)

pilchard See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery, employ a great many hands and render this department an excellent nursery of See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

seamen for the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• NAVY

navy . See also:

• COAL

Coal, though found in See also:

• FINISTERE, or FINISTERRE

Finistere, is not See also:

• MINED

mined; there are quarries of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate, See also:

• POTTER, ALONZO (1800-1865)
• POTTER, HENRY CODMAN (1835–1908)
• POTTER, J
• POTTER, JOHN (c. 1674-1747)
• POTTER, PAUL (1625—1654)
• POTTER, PHILIP CIPRIANI HAMBLEY (1792—1871)

potter's See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, &c . The See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead mines of Poullaouen and Huelgoat, which for several centuries yielded a considerable quantity of See also:

• SILVER

silver, are no longer worked . The preparation of sardines is carried on on a large See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale at several of the coast-towns .

The manufactures include linens, woollens, See also:

• SAIL

sail-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, See also:

• ROPES, JOHN CODMAN (1836–1899)

ropes, agricultural implements, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, earthenware, soda, See also:

• SOAP

soap, candles, and fertilizers and chemicals derived from seaweed . Brest has important foundries and See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering See also:

• WORKS

works; and See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding is carried on there and at other seaports . Brest and Morlaix are the most important commercial ports . See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade is in See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, vegetables and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit . Coal is the chief import . The department is served by the See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans and Western See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal from See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes to Brest has 51 M. of its length in the department . The Aulne is navigable for 17 m., and many of the smaller rivers for short distances . Finistere is divided into the arrondissements of See also:

• QUIMPERLE

Quimperle, Brest, Chateaulin, Morlaix and Quimper (43 cantons, 294 communes), the See also:

• TOWN

town of Quimper being the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the department and the seat of a bishopric . The department belongs to the region of the XI. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps and to the archiepiscopal province and See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic (educational See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division) of See also:

• RENNES

Rennes, where its See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal is also situated . The more important places are Quimper, Brest, Morlaix, Quimperle, St Poi-de-See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon, Douarnenez, Concarneau, Roscoff, Penmarc'h and See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont-l'See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe . Finistere abounds in menhirs and other megalithic monuments, of which those of Penmarc'h, Plouarzal and Crozon are noted .

The two religious structures characteristic of Brittany—calvaries and charnel-houses—are frequently met with . The calvaries of Plougastel-Daoulas, Pleyben, St Thegonnec, Lampaul-Guimiliau, which date from the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and that of Guimiliau (16th century), and the charnel-houses of Sizun and St Thegonnec With century) and of Guimiliau (17th century) may be instanced as the most remarkable . Daoulas has the remains of a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister in the Romanesque See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . The See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of St Herbot (16th century) near Loqueffret, the churches of St See also:

• JEAN

Jean-du-Doigt and Locronan, which belong to the 15th and 16th centuries, those of Ploare, Roscoff, Penmarc'h and Pleyben of the 16th century, that of Le Folgoet (14th and 16th centuries), and the huge See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Kerjean (r6th century) are of architectural See also:

• INTEREST

interest . Religious festivals, and processions known as " pardons," are held in many places, notably at Locronan, St Jean-du-Doigt, St Herbot and Le Faou .