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FIRMAN (an adaptation of the Per. ferman, a See also: oriental See also: sovereign, used specially to designate decrees, grants, passports, &c., issued by the sultan of See also: Turkey and signed by one of his ministers
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A decree bearing the sultan's sign-See also: manual and See also: drawn up with See also: special formalities is termed a hatti-sherif, Arabic words meaning a See also: line, writing or command, and lofty, See also: noble
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A written decree of an See also: Ottoman sultan is also termed an irade, the word being taken from the Arab. iradd, will, volition, See also: order
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