See also:

• RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

RUDOLF See also:

• RUDOLF FITTIG (1835– )

FITTIG (1835– )  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German chemist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg on the 6th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1835 . He studied See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry at See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, graduating as Ph.D. with a dissertation on See also:

• ACETONE, or DIMETHYL KETONE

acetone in 1858 . He subsequently held several appointments at Gottingen, being privat docent (186o), and extraordinary See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor (1870) . In 187o he obtained the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair at See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, and in 1876 that at See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, where the laboratories were erected from his designs . See also:

• FITTIG, RUDOLF (1835– )

Fittig's researches are entirely in organic chemistry, and See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover an exceptionally wide See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . The See also:

• ALDEHYDES

aldehydes and See also:

• KETONES

ketones provided material for his earlier See also:

• WORK

work . He observed that aldehydes and ketones may suffer reduction in neutral, alkaline, and sometimes See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution to secondary and See also:

• TERTIARY

tertiary See also:

• GLYCOLS

glycols, substances which he named pinacones; and also that certain pinacones when distilled with dilute sulphuric acid gave compounds, which he named pinacolines . The unsaturated acids, also received much See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, and he discovered the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal anhydrides of oxyacids, termed See also:

• LACTONES

lactones . In 1863 he introduced the reaction known by his name . In 1855 Adolph See also:

• WURTZ, CHARLES ADOLPHE (1817–1884)

Wurtz had shown that when See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium acted upon alkyl iodides, the alkyl residues combined to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form more complex See also:

• HYDROCARBONS

hydrocarbons; Fittig See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed this method by showing that a mixture of an aromatic and alkyl haloid, under similar treatment, yielded homologues of See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene . His investigations on See also:

• PERKIN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1838-1907)

Perkin's reaction led him to an explanation of its mechanism which appeared to be more in accordance with the facts . The question, however, is one of much difficulty, and the exact course of the reaction appears to await solution .

These researches incidentally solved the constitution of See also:

• COUMARIN, C9H602

coumarin, the odoriferous principle of woodruff . Fittig and See also:

• ERDMANN
• ERDMANN, JOHANN EDUARD (1805-1892)

Erdmann's observation that phenyl isocrotonic acid readily yielded a-naphthol by loss of See also:

• WATER

water was of much importance, since it afforded valuable See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence as to the constitution of See also:

• NAPHTHALENE, C

naphthalene . They also investigated certain hydrocarbons occurring in the high boiling point fraction of the See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• TAR

tar distillate and solved the constitution of phenanthrene . We also owe much of our knowledge of the See also:

• ALKALOID

alkaloid See also:

• PIPERINE, C17H19NO3

piperine to Fittig, who in collaboration with Ira Remsen established its constitution in 1871 . Fittig has published two widely used See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-books; be edited several See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of See also:

• WOHLER, FRIEDRICH (1800-1882)

Wohler's Grundriss der organischen Chemie (11th ed., 1887)and wrote an Unorganische Chemie (1st ed., 1872; 3rd, 1882) . His researches have been recognized by many scientific See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies and institutions, the Royal Society awarding him the See also:

• DAVY, SIR HUMPHRY

Davy See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal in 1906 .