See also:

• FIUME (Slay. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St Veit am Flaum)

FIUME (Slay. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St See also:

• VEIT, PHILIPP (1793-1877)

Veit am Flaum)  , a royal See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary; situated at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern extremity of the Gulf of Quarnero, an inlet of the Adriatic, and on a small stream called the Rjeka, Recina or Fiumara, 70 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail S.E. of See also:

• TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

Trieste . Pop . (1900) 38,955; including 17,354 Italians, 14,885 Slays (Croats, Serbs and See also:

• SLOVENES [Slovenci, Ger. Winden, to be distinguished from the Slovaks (q.v.) and from the Slovinci (see KASHUBES) west of Danzig]

Slovenes), 2482 Hungarians and 1945 Germans . Geographically, See also:

• FIUME (Slay. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St Veit am Flaum)

Fiume belongs to Croatia; politically the town, with its territory of some 7 sq. m., became a See also:

• PART

part of Hungary in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 187o . The picturesque old town occupies an outlying See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge of the Croatian See also:

• KARST

Karst; while the See also:

• MODERN

modern town, with its wharves, warehouses, electric See also:

• LIGHT

light and electric trams, is crowded into the See also:

• AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

amphitheatre See also:

• LEFT

left between the hills and the See also:

• SHORE

shore . On the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west there is a See also:

• FINE

fine public See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden . The most interesting buildings are the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

Assumption, founded in 1377, and completed with a modern See also:

• FACADE

facade copied from that of the See also:

• PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

Pantheon in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome; the church of St See also:

• VEIT, PHILIPP (1793-1877)

Veit, on the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Maria della Salute in See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice; and the See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

Pilgrimage church, hung with offerings from shipwrecked sailors, and approached by a stairway of 400 steps . In the old town is a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman triumphal See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch, said to have been erected during the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D. in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CLAUDIUS
• CLAUDIUS [TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS]
• CLAUDIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS
• CLAUDIUS, MATTHIAS (174o-1815)

Claudius II . Fiume also possesses a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre and a See also:

• MUSIC

music-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall; palaces for the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian emperor; a high See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice for See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and marine; a chamber of commerce; an See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum for lunatics and the aged poor; an See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for boys; and several large See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, including the marine See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy (1856) and the school of See also:

• SEAMANSHIP

seamanship (1903) . Municipal affairs are principally managed by the Italians, who sympathize with the Hungarians against the Slays . Fiume is the only seaport of Hungary, with which See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country it was connected, in 1809, by the Maria Louisa road, through See also:

• KARLSTADT

Karlstadt . It has two See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, opened in 1873; one a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern railway from See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna to Trieste, the other of the II Hungarian See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state railway from Karlstadt .

There are several harbours, including the See also:

• PORTO

Porto See also:

• CANALE (or CANALETTO), ANTONIO (1697-1768)

Canale, for See also:

• COASTING

coasting vessels; the Porto See also:

• BAROSS, GABOR (1848-1892)

Baross, for See also:

• TIMBER

timber; and the Porto Grande, sheltered by the Maria Theresia See also:

• MOLE
• MOLE, LOUIS MATHIEU, COMTE (1781—1855)
• MOLE, MATHIEU (1584—1656)

mole and See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater, besides four lesser moles, and flanked by the quays, with their See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain-See also:

• ELEVATORS, LIFTS

elevators . The development of the Porto Grande, originally named the Porto Nuovo, was undertaken in 1847, and carried on at intervals as See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade increased . In 1902, arrangements were made for the construction of a new mole and an enlargement of the quays and breakwater; these See also:

• WORKS

works to be completed within 5 years, at a cost of £420,000 . The exports, See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth £6,460,000 in 1902, chiefly consisted of grain, See also:

• FLOUR

flour, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, timber and horses; the imports, worth £3,678,000 in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, of See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, jute and various minerals, chemicals and See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils . A large See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the carrying trade belongs to the See also:

• CUNARD, SIR SAMUEL

Cunard, See also:

• ADRIA (anc. Atria; the form Adria or Hadria is less correct: Hatria was a town in Picenum, the modern Atri)

Adria, Ungaro-Croat and Austrian See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd Steamship Companies, subsidized by the state . A steady stream of Croatian and Hungarian emigrants, officially numbered in 1902 at 7500, passes through Fiume . Altogether 11,550 vessels, of 1,963,000 tons, entered at Fiume in 1902; and 11,535, of 1,956,000, cleared . Foremost among the industrial establishments are See also:

• WHITEHEAD, WILLIAM (1715-1785)

Whitehead's See also:

• TORPEDO

torpedo factory, Messrs See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith & Meynie's See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper-See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill, the royal See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco factory, a chemical factory, and several flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, tanneries and rope manufactories . In 1902 the last See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding yard was closed . The See also:

• SOIL

soil of the surrounding country is stony, but the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is warm, and wine is extensively produced . The Gulf of Quarnero yields a plentiful See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, and the See also:

• TUNNY (Thunnus thynnus)

tunny trade with Trieste and Venice is of considerable importance . Steamboats ply daily from Fiume to the Istrian See also:

• HEALTH

health-resort of See also:

• ABBAZIA

Abbazia, the Croatian port of See also:

• BUCCARI (Serbo-Croatian Bakar)

Buccari, and the islands of See also:

• VEGLIA (Slavonic, Krk)

Veglia and See also:

• CHERSO

Cherso .

Fiume is supposed to occupy the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Liburnian town Tersatica; later it received the name of Vitopolis, and eventually that of Fanum Sancti Viti ad Flumen, from which its See also:

• PRESENT

present name is derived . It was destroyed by See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne in 799, from which See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it probably See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long remained under the dominion of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks . It was held in feudal See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure from the See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of See also:

• AQUILEIA

Aquileia by the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• POLA (Gr. Hart or Haas; Slovene, Pulj)

Pola, and afterwards, in 1139, by the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Duino, who retained it till the end of the 14th century . It next passed into the hands of the counts of Wallsee, by whom it was surrendered in 1471 to the emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III., who incorporated it with the dominions of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . From this date till 1776 Fiume was ruled by imperial See also:

• GOVERNORS

governors . In 1723 it was declared a free port by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI., in 1776 See also:

• UNITED

united to Croatia by the empress Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa, and in 1779 declared a corpus separatism of the Hungarian See also:

• CROWN

crown . In 1809 Fiume was occupied by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French; but it was retaken by the See also:

• BRITISH

British in 1813, and restored to Austria in the following year . It was ceded to Hungary in 1822, but after the revolution of 1848–1849 was annexed to the crown lands of Croatia, under the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of which it remained till it came under Hungarian See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control in 1870 .