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ETIENNE DE FLACOURT (16o7-1660)

FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

FLAGELLANTS (from Lat. flagellare, to whip)

AUGUSTE FLAHAUT DE LA BILLARDERIE

FLAIL (from Lat. flagellum, a whip or scourge, but used in the Vulgate in the sense of " flail "; the word appears in Dutch vegel, Ger. Flegel, and Fr. Pau)

FLAMBARD, RANULF, or RALPH (d. 1128)

FLAMBOROUGH HEAD

FLAMBOYANT STYLE

FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

FLAMEN (from flare, " to blow up " the altar fire)

FLAMINGO (Port. Flamingo, Span. Flamenco)

TITUS QUINCTIUS FLAMININUS (c. 228–174 B.C.)

GAIUS FLAMINIUS

JOHN FLAMSTEED (1646-1719)

FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

JEAN HIPPOLYTE FLANDRIN (1809-1864)

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

GUSTAVE FLAUBERT (1821-1880)

JOHN FLAVEL (c. 1627–1691)

FLAVIAN (d. 449)

FLAVIN (Lat. flavus, yellow)

JOHN FLAXMAN (1755-1826)

FLEA (O. Eng. fleah, or flea, cognate with flee, to run away from, to take flight)

FLECHE (French for " arrow ")

CARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM ALFRED FLECKEISEN (1820-1899)

RICHARD FLECKNOE (c. 1600-1678?)

CHARLES FLEETWOOD (d. 1692)

WILLIAM FLEETWOOD (1656-1723)

EDWARD ROBERT FLEGEL (1855-1886)

HEINRICH LEBERECHT FLEISCHER (1801-1888)

PAUL FLEMING (1609-1640)

RICHARD FLEMING (d. 1431)

SIR SANDFORD FLEMING (1827- )

SIR THOMAS FLEMING (1S44-1613)

FLEMISH LITERATURE

ALICE CUNNINGHAM FLETCHER (1845– )

ANDREW FLETCHER

GILES FLETCHER (c. 1548-1611)

GILES FLETCHER (c. 1584-1623)

JOHN WILLIAM FLETCHER (1729-1785)

PHINEAS FLETCHER (1582-1650)

ROBERT FLEURANGES (III.) DE LA MARCK, SEIGNEUR DE (1491-1J37)

FLEURY [ABRAHAM JOSEPH BENARD] (1750-.1822)

ANDRE HERCULE DE FLEURY (1653-1743)

CLAUDE FLEURY (1640-1723)

THEODOR FLIEDNER (1800-1864)

MATTHEW FLINDERS (1774-1814)

FLINT IMPLEMENTS AND WEAPONS

AUSTIN FLINT (1812-1886)

ROBERT FLINT (1838- )

TIMOTHY FLINT (1780-1840)

FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)

FLOAT (in O. Eng. floc and flota, in the verbal form f eotan; the Teutonic root is flut-, another form of flu-, seen in " flow," cf. " fleet "; the root is seen in Gr. a-M e, to sail, Lat. pluere, to rain; the Lat, fluere and fluctus, wave, is not connect

FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

FLODOARD (894-966)

FLOE (of uncertain derivation; cf. Norse flo, layer, level plain)

FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")

HENRY FLOOD (1732-1791)

FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

CHARLES THOMAS FLOQUET (1828—1896)

FLORE AND BLANCHEFLEUR

FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

FLORENCE OF WORCESTER (d. 1 x18)

ENRIQUE FLOREZ (1701-1773)

JEAN PIERRE CLARIS DE FLORIAN (1755-1794)

FLORIANOPOLIS (formerly Desterro, Nossa Senhora do Desterro and Santa Catharina, and still popularly known under the last designation)

COUNT OF DON JOSE MORINO Y REDONDO FLORIDABLANCA (1728-1808)

Sicur de Prinefosse] FLORIDOR [JoslNs DE SOULAS (d. c. 1671)

GIOVANNI FLORIO (1553?-1625)

PUBLIUS ANNIUS FLORUS

FREIHERR FRIEDRICH FERDINAND ADOLF VON FLOTOW (1812-1883)

GUSTAVE FLOURENS (1838-1871)

MARIE JEAN PIERRE FLOURENS (1794-1867)

FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)

ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS

JOHN FLOYD (1572–1649)

JOHN BUCHANAN FLOYD (1807–1863)

SIR JOHN FLOYER (1649-1734)

FLUDD, or FLUD, ROBERT [ROBERTUS DE FLUCTIBUS] (1574-1637)

GUSTAV LEBERECHT FLUGEL (1802-1870)

JOHANN GOTTFRIED FLUGEL (1788-1855)

FLUKE (probably connected with the Ger. flack, flat)

FLUME (through an O. Fr. word glum, from the Lat. "lumen, a river)

FLUMINI MAGGIORE

C15H10 FLUORANTHENE

FLUORENE (a-diphenylene methane), C13H16

FLUORINE (symbol F, atomic weight 19)

FLUSHING (Dutch Vlissingen)

FLUX (Lat. fluxus, a flowing; this being also the meaning of the English term in medicine, &c.)

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

FLYING BUTTRESS

FOCSHANI (Rumanian Focrani, sometimes incorrectly written Fokshani or Fokshan)

FOCUS (Latin for " hearth " or " fireplace ")

BENEDICT FOGELBERG (or BENGT) ERLAND (1786-1854)

FOHN (Ger., probably derived through Romansch favongn, favoign, from Lat. favonius)

PAUL DE FOIA (1528-1584)

CHEVALIER DE JEAN CHARLES FOLARD (1669—1752)

TEOFILO FOLENGO (1491-1544)

JOHN HENRY FOLEY (1818-1874)

SIR THOMAS FOLEY (1757-1833)

FOLI (FoLEY), ALLAN JAMES (1837-1899)

FOLIGNO (anc. Fulginiae, q.v.)

FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

MARTIN FOLKES (1690-17J4)

FOLKLAND (folcland)

KARL FOLLEN (1795-1840)

SIR WILLIAM WEBB FOLLETT (1798-1845)

ALBANY WILLIAM FONBLANQUE (1793-1872)

FONDI (anc. Fundi)

AMAPALA FONSECA

MANOEL DEODORO DA FONSECA (1827-1892)

FONT (Lat. fans, " fountain " or " spring," Ital. fonte, Fr. les fonts)

PIERRE FRANCOIS LEONARD FONTAINE (1762-1853)

LOUIS MARIE FONTAN (1801-1839)

DOMENICO FONTANA (1543-1607)

LAVINIA FONTANA (1552-1614)

PROSPERO FONTANA (1512-1597)

THEODOR FONTANE (1819-1898)

MARQUIS DE LOUIS FONTANES (1757-1821)

BERNARD LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE (1657-1757)

FONTEVRAULT, or FONTEVRAUD (Lat. Fons Ebraldi)

FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

FOOD PRESERVATION

FOOL (O. Fr. fol, modern fou, foolish, from a Late Latin use of follis, bellows, a ball filled with air, for a stupid person, a jester, a wind-bag)

FEAST OF FOOLS (Lat. festum stultorum, fatuorum, follorum, Fr. fete des fous)

ANDREW HULL FOOTE (1806-1863)

SAMUEL FOOTE (1720-1777)

JOSEPH BENSON FORAKER (1846- )

ALEXANDER PENROSE FORBES (1817-1875)

ARCHIBALD FORBES (1838-1900)

DAVID FORBES (1828--1876)

EDWARD FORBES (1815—1854)

JAMES DAVID FORBES (1809—1868)

SIR JOHN FORBES (1787—1861)

CLAUDE DE FORBIN (1656—1733)

EGIDIO FORCELLINI (1688-1768)

JOHANN GEORG FORCHHAMMER (1794—1865)

PETER WILHELM FORCHHAMMER (18o1—1894)

EDWARD ONSLOW FORD

JOHN FORD (r586–c.1640)

RICHARD FORD (1796-1858)

THOMAS FORD (b. c. 158o)

FRANCIS FORDE (d. 1770)

JOHN OF FORDUN (d. c. 1384)

FOREIGN BREWING AND BEERS

FORESTS AND FORESTRY

ELIE FREDERIC FOREY (1804-1872)

FORFARSHIRE, or ANGUS

FORFEITURE (from " forfeit," originally an offence, and hence a fine exacted as a penalty for such; derived through the O. Fr. forfeit, from the late Lat. foris factum, a trespass, that which is done foris, outside)

FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

FORK (Lat. furca)

JOHANN NIKOLAUS FORKEL (1749-1818)

FORL3 (anc. Forum Livii)

FORLIMPOPOLI (anc. Forum Popillii)

FORM (Lat. forma)

FORMALIN, or FORMALDEHYDE, CH2O

ANDREW FORMAN (c. 1465-1521)

SIMON FORMAN (1552-1611)

JOHANN HEINRICH SAMUEL FORMEY (1711–1797)

FORMIA (anc. Formiae, called Mola di Gaeta until recent times)

H2CO2 FORMIC ACID

FORMOSA (called Taiwan by the Chinese, and following them by the Japanese, into whose possession it came after their war with China in 1895)

FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

JUAN BAUTISTA PABLO FORNER (1756-1799)

FORRES (Gaelic, far uis, " near water ")

EDWIN FORREST (1806-1872)

NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST (1821—187.7)

SIR JOHN FORREST (1847- )

PETER FORSKAL (1736-1763)

HANS LUDVIG FORSSELL (1843-1901)

FORST (originally FORSTA or FORSTE)

FRANCOIS FORSTER (179o-,872)

FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH FORSTER (1791-1868)

JOHANN GEORG ADAM FORSTER (1754-1794)

JOHN FORSTER (1812-1876)

JOHN COOPER FORSTER (1823-1886)

WILLIAM EDWARD FORSTER (1818-1886)

FORTALEZA (usually called CEARA by foreigners)

SIR JOHN FORTESCUE (c. 1394-c. 1476)

SIR JOHN FORTESCUE (c. 1531-1607)

FORTIFICATION AND

FORTIFICATION AND SIEGECRAFT

KARL FORTLAGE (,8o6-1881)

FORTROSE (Gaelic for t'rois, " the wood on the promontory ")

FORTUNA (FORTUNE)

ATILIUS FORTUNATIANUS

VENANTIUS HONORIUS CLEMENTIANUS FORTUNATUS (530-609)

ROBERT FORTUNE (1813-188o)

MARIANO JOSE MARIA BERNARDO FORTUNY (1838-1874)

FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

THOMAS DUDLEY FOSBROKE (1770-1842)

FRANCESCO FOSCARI (1373-1457)

UGO FOSCOLO (1778-1827)

EDWARD FOSS (1787-1870)

FOSSE (or Foss) WAY

FOSSICK (probably an English dialectical expression, meaning fussy or troublesome)

FOSSOMBRONE (anc. Forum Sempronii)

COUNT VITTORIO FOSSOMBRONI (1g54-1844)

GEORGE EULAS FOSTER (1847– )

JOHN FOSTER (177o-1843)

MYLES BIRKET FOSTER (1825-1899)

SIR CLEMENT LE NEVE FOSTER (1841-1904)

SIR MICHAEL FOSTER (1836-r9o7)

STEPHEN COLLINS FOSTER (1826-1864)

JOHN FOTHERGILL (1712—1780)

JEAN BERNARD LEON FOUCAULT (1819—1868)

DUKE OF OTRANTO JOSEPH FOUCHE (1763—1820)

FOUCQUET, JEAN, or JEHAN (c. 1415–1485)

ALFRED JULES EMILE FOUILLEE (1838– )

ACHILLE FOULD (1800–1867)

ANDREW FOULIS (1712—1775)

JOSEPH FRANCOIS FOULLON (1717—1789)

FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

FOUNDLING HOSPITALS

FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

FOUNTAINS ABBEY

FERDINAND ANDRE FOUQUE (1828-19o4)

BARON FRIEDRICH HEINRICH KARL DE LA MOTTE FOUQUE (1777-1843)

FOUQUET (or FOUCQUET), NICOLAS (1615-168o)

COMTE DE ANTOINE FRANCOIS FOURCROY (1755-1809)

FRANCOIS CHARLES MARIE FOURIER (1772-1837)

JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH FOURIER (1768-1830)

ETIENNE FOURMONT (1683–1745)

JOSEPH JEAN BAPTISTE XAVIER FOURNET (1801-1869)

PIERRE SIMON FOURNIER (1712-1768)

MARIE FRANCOIS OSCAR BARDY DE FOURTOU (1836-1897)

FOWEY (usually pronounced Foy)

FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

CHARLES FOWLER (1792-1867)

EDWARD FOWLER (1632-1714)

JOHN FOWLER (1826-1864)

SIR JOHN FOWLER (1817-1898)

WILLIAM FOWLER (c. 156o-1614)

SEBASTIAN FOX MORCILLO (1526?-1559?)

CHARLES JAMES FOX (1749-1806)

EDWARD FOX (c. 1496-1538)

GEORGE FOX (1624-1691)

RICHARD FOX (c. 1448-1528)

ROBERT WERE FOX (1789—1877)

SIR STEPHEN FOX (1627–1716)

SIR WILLIAM FOX (1812-1893)

JOHN FOXE (1516-1587)

MAXIMILIEN SEBASTIEN FOY (1775-1825)

1475 FRA BARTOLOMMEO

KARL NIKOLAS FRAAS

GIROLAMO FRACASTORO [FRACASTORIUS]

CHRISTIAN MARTIN FRAHN (1782-1851)

FRAME BAR REMISE

COUNT ANTOINE FRANCAIS (1756-1836)

FRANCAVILLA FONTANA

ANATOLE FRANCE (1844– )

FRANCES ANNE KEMBLE (Fanny Kemble) (1809-1893)

BARON JEAN BAPTISTE FRANCESCHI (1766-1813)

PIERO FRANCESCHI (or PIETRO)

BALDASSARE FRANCESCHINI (1611-1689)

FRANCESCO MOROSINI (1618–1694)