See also:

• FLAMBARD, RANULF, or RALPH (d. 1128)

FLAMBARD, RANULF, or See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

RALPH (d. 1128)  , See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus, was the son of a See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest who belonged to the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of See also:

• BAYEUX

Bayeux . Migrating at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Ranulf entered the See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery of William I. and became conspicuous as a courtier . He was disliked by the barons, who nicknamed him See also:

• FLAMBARD, RANULF, or RALPH (d. 1128)

Flambard in reference to his talents as a See also:

• MISCHIEF

mischief-maker; but he acquired the reputation of an acute financier and appears to have played an important See also:

• PART

part in the compilation of the Domesday survey . In that See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record he is mentioned as a clerk by profession, and as holding See also:

• LAND

land both in Hants and See also:

• OXFORDSHIRE (or OxoN)

Oxfordshire . Before the See also:

• DEATH

death of the old See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king he became See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain to See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice, bishop of See also:

• LONDON

London, under whom he had formerly served in the chancery . But early in the next reign Ranulf returned to the royal service . He is usually described as the chaplain of Rufus; he seems in that capacity to have been the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the chancery and the custodian of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal . But he is also called treasurer9 and there can be no doubt that his services were chiefly of a fiscal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . His name is regularly connected by the chroniclers with the ingenious methods of See also:

• EXTORTION (Lat. extorsio, from extorquere, to twist out, to take away by force)

extortion from which all classes suffered between 1087 and 1100 . He profited largely by the tyranny of Rufus, farming for the king a large proportion of the ecclesiastical preferments which were illegaly kept vacant, and obtaining for himself the wealthy see of Durham (1049) . His fortunes suffered an See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse upon the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I., by whom he was imprisoned in deference to the popular outcry . A bishop, however, was an inconvenient prisoner, and Flambard soon succeded in effecting his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower of London .

A popular See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend represents the bishop as descending from the window of his See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell by a rope which See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends had conveyed to him in a cask of See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine . He took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge with See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Curthose in See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy and became one of the advisers who pressed the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke to dispute the See also:

• CROWN

crown of England with his younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother; Robert rewarded the bishop by entrusting him with the ad-ministration of the see of See also:

• LISIEUX

Lisieux . After the victory of Tinchebrai (11(36) the bishop was among the first to make his See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with Henry, and was allowed to return to his See also:

• ENGLISH

English see . At Durham he passed the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of his See also:

• LIFE

life . His private life was lax; he had at least two sons, for whom he See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased benefices before they had entered on their teens; and scandalous tales are told of the entertainments with which he enlivened his seclusion . But he distinguished himself, even among the bishops of that age, as a builder and a pious founder . He all but completed the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral which his predecessor, William of St Carilef, had begun; fortified Durham; built Norham See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle; founded the priory of Mottisfout and endowed the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• CHRISTCHURCH

Christchurch, See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire . As a politician he ended his career with his sub-See also:

• MISSION

mission to Henry, who found in See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury a financier not less able and infinitely more acceptable to the nation . Ranulf died on the 5th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1128 . See Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, vols. iii. and iv . (ed. le See also:

• PREVOST, ANTOINE FRANCOIS (1697–1763)
• PREVOST, CONSTANT (1787-1856)
• PREVOST, EUGENE MARCEL (1862- )
• PREVOST, PIERRE (1751-1839)

Prevost, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1845) ; the first continuation of Symeon's Historia Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (Rolls ed., 1882); William of See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury in the Gesta pontificum (Rolls ed., 187o) ; and the See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle (Rolls ed., 1861) . Of See also:

• MODERN

modern writers E .

A . See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman in his William Rufus (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1882) gives the fullest See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account . See also T . A . See also:

• ARCHER, WILLIAM (1856— )

Archer in the English See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, ii. p . 103; W . See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs's Constitutional See also:

• HISTORY

History of England, vol. i . (Oxford, 1897); J . H . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round's Feudal England (London, 1895) . (H . W .

C .