See also:

• FLAMINGO (Port. Flamingo, Span. Flamenco)

FLAMINGO (See also:

• PORT

Port. Flamingo, Span. Flamenco)  , one of the tallest and most beautiful birds, conspicuous for the See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame-coloured or See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet patch upon its wings, and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long known by its classical name Phoenicopterus, as an inhabitant of most of the countries bordering the Mediterranean See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . Flamingos have a very wide See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution, and the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole genus comprises only a few See also:

• SPECIES

species . Ph. roseus or antiquorum, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, with a rosy tinge above, and with scarlet wing-coverts, while the remiges are See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black (as in all species), ranges from the Cape Verde Islandsto See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north as far as See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• BAIKAL (known to the Mongols as Dalai-nor, and to the Turkish tribes as Bai-kul)

Baikal; southwards through See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar, eventually as P. See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor . P. ruber, entirely See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• VERMILION

vermilion, extends from See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida to See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

Para and the Galapagos; P. chilensis s. ignipalliatus, from See also:

• PERU
• PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

Peru to See also:

• PATAGONIA

Patagonia, more resembles the classical species; while P. andinus, the tallest of all, which lacks the hallux, inhabits the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt lakes of the elevated See also:

• DESERT

desert of See also:

• ATACAMA
• ATACAMA, DESERT OF

Atacama, whence it extends into See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile and See also:

• ARGENTINA

Argentina . Fossil remains of flamingos have been described from the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• MIOCENE

Miocene of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France as P. croizeti, and from the See also:

• PLIOCENE (from the Gr. sr?eiov, mere, and xatvbs, recent)

Pliocene of See also:

• OREGON

Oregon . From the See also:

• MID

Mid-Miocene to the Oligocene of France are known several species of Palaelodus, Elornis and Agnopterus, which have relatively shorter legs, longer toes and a complicated hypotarsus, and represent an earlier See also:

• FAMILY

family, less specialized although not directly ancestral to the flamingos . Palaelodidae and Phoenicopteridae together See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the larger See also:

• GROUP

group Phoenicopteri . These are in many respects exactly intermediate between Anserine and See also:

• STORK (A. S. store, Ger. Storch)

stork-like birds, so much so in fact that The See also:

• FLAMINGO (Port. Flamingo, Span. Flamenco)

Flamingo . T . H . See also:

• HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY (1825–1895)

Huxley preferred to keep them See also:

• SEPARATE

separate as Amphimorphae . However, if we carefully sift their characters, the flamingos obviously reveal themselves as much nearer related to the Ciconiae, especially to Platalea and See also:

• IBIS

Ibis, than to the Anseres .

This is the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion arrived at by W . F . R . See also:

• WELDON, WALTER (1832-1885)

Weldon, M . Fuerbringer and Gadow, while others prefer the See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose-like See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice and the webbed toes as reliable characters . (For a detailed See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis of this instructive question see See also:

• BRONN, HEINRICH GEORG (1800-1862)

Bronn's Thierreich, Aves Syst. p . 146.) The See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food of the flamingo seems to consist chiefly of small aquatic invertebrate animals which live in the mud of lagoons, for instance See also:

• MOLLUSCA

Mollusca, but also of Confervae and other See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low salt-See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• ALGAE

algae . Whilst feeding, the See also:

• BIRD

bird wades about, stirs up the mud with its feet, and, See also:

• REVERSING

reversing the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary position of its See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head so as to hold the See also:

• CROWN

crown downwards and to look backwards, sifts the mud through its See also:

• BILL

bill . This is abruptly See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent down in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle, as if broken; the upper See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw is rather See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat and narrow, while the lower jaw is very roomy and furnished with numerous lamellae, which, together wi' h the thick and large See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act like a See also:

• SIEVE (O.E. sife, older sibi, cf. Dutch zeef, Ger. Sieb; from the subst. comes O.E. siftan, to sift)

sieve, an arrangement enhanced by the considerable movability of the upper jaw . Then the bird erects its long See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck to See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow the selected food . When flying, flamingos See also:

• PRESENT

present a striking and beautiful sight, with legs and neck stretched out straight, looking like white and rosy or scarlet crosses with black arms . Not less fascinating is a See also:

• FLOCK

flock of these sociable birds when at See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, See also:

• STANDING

standing on one or both legs, with their long necks See also:

• TWISTED

twisted or coiled upon the See also:

• BODY

body in any conceivable position .

The See also:

• NEST

nest is likewise See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar . It is built of mud, a somewhat conical structure rising above the water according to the See also:

• DEPTH

depth, of which the See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone is from a few inches to 2 ft. in height . If, as often happens, the water-level sinks, the nests stand out higher . On the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top is a shallow See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup for the reception of the one or two eggs, which have a bluish-white See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell with chalky incrustation . Of course the See also:

• HEN

hen sits with her legs doubled up under her, as does any other long-legged bird . It seems See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange that many ornithologists should have given See also:

• CREDENCE, or CREDENCE TABLE

credence to W . See also:

• DAMPIER, WILLIAM (1652-1715)

Dampier's statement of the mode of See also:

• INCUBATION

incubation (New Voyage See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• WORLD

World, ed . 2, i. p . 71, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1699): " And when they See also:

• LAY

lay their eggs, or See also:

• HATCH
• HATCH, EDWIN (1835-1889)

hatch them, they stand all the while, not on the hillock, but See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by it with their legs on the ground and in the water, resting themselves against the hillock, and covering the hollow nest upon it with their rumps," &c . P . S . See also:

• PALLAS, PETER SIMON (1741–1811)

Pallas (Zoograph .

Rosso-Asiatica, ii. p . 208) tried to improve upon this by stating that the standing bird leans upon the nest with its See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast ! The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, which are hatched after about four See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks' incubation, look very different from the adult . The small bill is still quite straight and the legs are See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short . The whole body is covered with a thick coat of short nestling feathers, pure white in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour . These neossoptiles or first feathers See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear no resemblance to those of the Anseriform birds, but agree in detail with those of spoonbills, the young of which the little flamingos resemble to a striking extent, but they leave the nest soon after their See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth to shift for themselves like ducks and geese . (H . F .