FLANNEL  , a woollen stuff of various degrees of See also:

• WEIGHT

weight and fineness, made usually from loosely spun See also:

• YARN

yarn . The origin of the word is uncertain, but in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century flannel was a well-known See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, and a Welsh origin has been suggested . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form flanelle was used See also:

• LATE

late in the 17tli century, and the Ger . Flanell See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 18th century, See also:

• BAIZE (16th century Fr. baies, cf. English " bay ")

Baize, a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of coarse flannel with a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• NAP

nap, is said to have been first introduced to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 16th century by refugees from See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands . The manufacture of flannel has naturally undergone changes, and, in some cases, deteriorations . Flannels are frequently made with an admixture of See also:

• SILK

silk or See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, and in See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low varieties cotton has tended to become the predominant See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor . Formerly a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool of See also:

• FINE

fine quality from a Southdown variety of the See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex breed was principally in favour with the flannel manufacturers of See also:

• ROCHDALE

Rochdale, who also used largely the wool from the See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk breed, a See also:

• CROSS

cross between the Southdown and Norfolk See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep . In Wales the short staple wool of the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain sheep was used, and in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland that of the See also:

• WICKLOW

Wicklow variety of the Cottagh breed, but now the New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand, Cape and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICAN

American wools are extensively employed, and See also:

• ENGLISH

English wools are not commonly used alone . Over 2000 persons are employed in flannel manufacture in Rochdale alone, which is the historic seat of the See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, and a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of flannel is- now made in the Spen Valley See also:

• DISTRICT

district, See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire . Blankets, which constitute a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the flannel See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, are largely made at See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury in See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire and See also:

• DEWSBURY

Dewsbury in Yorkshire . Welsh flannels have a high reputation, and make an important industry in See also:

• MONTGOMERYSHIRE (Welsh Swydd Tre' Faldwyn, Baldwyn's town shire)

Montgomeryshire . There are also flannel manufactories in Ireland .

A moderate export trade in flannel is done by See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . The following table gives the quantities exported during three years: 1904 . 1905 . 1906 . Yards . . 9,758,300 9,220,500 8,762,200 In 1877 the export was 9,273,429 yds., so it appears that this trade has varied comparatively little . The imports of flannel are not very large . Many so-called flannels have been made with a large admixture of cotton, but the Merchandise Marks See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act has done something to limit the indiscriminate use of names . Unquestionably the development of the flannel trade has been checked by the great increase in the production of flannelettes, the better qualities of which have become, formidable competitors with flannel . There must, however, be a See also:

• REGULAR

regular and large demand for flannel while theory and experience confirm its value as a clothing particularly suitable for immediate contact with the See also:

• BODY

body .