See also:

• FLINT
• FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-1886)
• FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)
• FLINT, ROBERT (1838- )
• FLINT, TIMOTHY (1780-1840)

FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (See also:

• SIR

sir Gallestr)  , a See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, the smallest in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, bounded N. by the Irish See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea and the See also:

• DEE
• DEE (Welsh, Dyfrdwy;, Lat.., and in Milton, Deva)

Dee See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary, N.E. by the Dee, E. by See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire, and S.W. by Denbighshire . See also:

• AREA

Area, 257 sq. m . Included in See also:

• FLINT
• FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-1886)
• FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)
• FLINT, ROBERT (1838- )
• FLINT, TIMOTHY (1780-1840)

Flint is the detached See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred of Maelor, lying 8 m . S.E. of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• PART

part of the county, 522 and shut in by Cheshire on the N. and N.E., by See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire on the S., and by Denbighshire on the W. and N.W . The Clwyd valley is See also:

• COMMON

common to Flint and See also:

• DENBIGH (Dinbych)
• DENBIGH, WILLIAM FEILDING, 1ST EARL

Denbigh . Those of the Alyn and Wepre (from Ewloe See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle to the Dee) are See also:

• FINE

fine . The Dee, entering the county near Overton, divides Maelor from Denbigh on the W., passes See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester and See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds most of the county on the . N . The Clwyd enters Flint near Bodfary, and joining the Elwy near Rhuddlan, reaches the Irish Sea near See also:

• RHYL

Rhyl . The Alyn enters the county under Moel Fammau, passes Cilcen and See also:

• MOLD (formerly Mould, Welsh Y Wyddgrug, a conspicuous barrow, Lat. Mons altus, the translation of the Welsh name)

Mold (y Wyddgrug), runs underground near Hesb-Alyn (Alyn's drying-up), bends See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south to Caergwrle, re-enters Denbighshire and joins the Dee . Llyn Helyg (See also:

• WILLOW (Salix)

willow-See also:

• POOL

pool), near Whitford, is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake . Both for their See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence• upon the See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical features and for their economic value the carboniferous rocks of Flintshire are the most important .

From Prestatyn on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast a See also:

• BAND

band of carboniferous See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone passes See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by See also:

• HOLYWELL (Tre'ffynnon, well-town)

Holywell and through Caerwen; it forms the Halkin See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Halkin, whence it continues past Mold to beyond the county boundary . The upper portion of this See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series is cherty in the north—the chert is quarried for use in the See also:

• POTTERIES, THE

potteries of See also:

• STAFFORDSHIRE

Staffordshire—but traced southward it passes into sandstones and grits; above these beds come the Holywell shales, possibly the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of the Pendleside series of See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire and See also:

• DERBYSHIRE

Derbyshire, while upon them lies the Gwespyr See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, which has been thought to correspond to the Gannister See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• MEASURES

measures of Lancashire, but.may be a representative of the Millstone Grit . Farther to. the east, the coal measures, with valuable coals, some oil shale, and with fireclays and marls which are used for See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick and See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile-making, extend front Talacre through Flint, Northop, See also:

• HAWARDEN (pronounced Harden, Welsh Penarltg)

Hawarden and See also:

• BROUGHTON, HUGH (1549-1612)
• BROUGHTON, JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE, BARON (1786-1869)

Broughton to See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope . The carboniferous rocks appear again through the intervention of a See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault, in the neighbourhood of St See also:

• ASAPH

Asaph . See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian strata, mostly of See also:

• WENLOCK

Wenlock See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie below the carboniferous limestone on the western border of the county . Triassic red beds of the See also:

• BUNTER

Bunter fill the Clwyd valley and appear again on the coal measures S.E. of Chester . See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

Lead and See also:

• ZINC

zinc ores have been worked in the See also:

• LOWER

lower carboniferous rocks in the north of the county, and caves in the same formation, at Caer See also:

• GWYN, NELL [ELEANOR] (1650-1687)

Gwyn and Ffynnon Beuno, have yielded the remains of See also:

• PLEISTOCENE

Pleistocene mammals along with See also:

• PALAEOLITHIC (Gr. iraXates, old, and )tWBor, stone)

palaeolithic implements . Much glacial See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

drift obscures the older rocks on the east and north and in the vale of Clwyd . See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short stretches of blown See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand occur on the coast near Rhyl and Talacre . The See also:

• LONDON

London & North-Western railway follows the coast-See also:

• LINE

line . Other See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways which See also:

• CROSS

cross the county are the See also:

• GREAT

Great Western, and the See also:

• WREXHAM (Welsh•Gwrecsam, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Wrighlesham)

Wrexham, Mold & Connah's See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

Quay, acquired by the Great Central See also:

• COMPANY

company . For pasture the vale of Clwyd is, well known .

Oats, turnips and swedes are the chief crops . Stock and See also:

• DAIRY

dairy farming prospers, native See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle being crossed with Herefords and See also:

• DOWNS

Downs, native See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep with Leicesters and South-downs, while in the thick See also:

• MINING

mining See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population a ready See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market is found for See also:

• MEAT

meat, See also:

• CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese, See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter, &c . The population (81,700 in 1901) nearly doubled in the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and Flintshire to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day is one of the most densely populated counties in North Wales . The area of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient county is 164,744 acres, and that of the administrative county 163,025 acres . The collieries begin at Llanasa, run through Whitford, Holywell, Flint, Halkin (Halcyn), Northop, Buckley, Mold and Hawarden (Penarlag) . At Halkin, Mold, Holywell, Prestatyn and Talacre lead is raised, and is sometimes sent to See also:

• BAGILLT

Bagillt, Flint or Chester to be smelted . Zinc, formerly only worked at Dyserth, has increased in output, and See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper mines also exist, as at Talargoch, together with smelting See also:

• WORKS

works, oil, See also:

• VITRIOL

vitriol, potash and See also:

• ALKALI

alkali manufactories . Potteries around Buckley send their produce chiefly to Connah's Quay, whence a railway crosses the Dee to the See also:

• BIRKENHEAD

Birkenhead (Cheshire) See also:

• DISTRICT

district . See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron seams are now thin, but limestone quarries yield See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime for burning and small stone for chemical works . See also:

• FISHERIES

Fisheries are unproductive and textile manufactures small . The county returns one member to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . The See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough district (returning one member), consists of Caergwrle, Caerwys, Flint, Holywell, Mold, Overton, St Asaph and Rhuddlan .

In addition, there is a small part of the Chester parliamentary borough . There is one municipal boroughs Flint (pop . 4625) . The other See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban districts are: Buckley (5780), Connah's Quay (3369), Holywell (2652), Mold (4263), Prestatyn (1261) and Rhyl (8473) . Flint is in the North Wales and Chester See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit, assizes being held at Mold . The Flint borough has a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, but no separate See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter sessions . The ancient county,. which is in thedioceses of Chester, See also:

• LICHFIELD

Lichfield and St Asaph, contains See also:

• FORTY

forty-six entire ecclesiastical parishes and districts, with parts of eleven others . Among sites of antiquarian or See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• INTEREST

interest, besides the fragmentary ruin of Flint Castle, the following may be mentioned: —Caerwys, near Flint, still shows traces of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman occupation . Bodfary (Bodfari) was traditionally occupied by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans . Moel y gaer (bald See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill of the fortress), near Northop, is a remarkably perfect old See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• POST

post . Macs y Garmon (perhaps for Meusydd Garmon, as y, the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article, has no significance before a proper name, and so to be translated, battlefields of Germanus) . A mile from Mold is the reputed See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of une victoire sans larmes, gagnte non See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par See also:

• LES

les armies, mais par la foi (E .

H . Vollet) . The Britons, says the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend, were threatened by the Picts and See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons, at whose approach the Alleluia of that See also:

• EASTER

Easter (A.D . 430) was sung . Panic duly seized the invaders, but the See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

victor, St Germanus, See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor and See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• AUXERRE

Auxerre (A.D . 380-448), had to return to the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge in 446 . He has, under the name Garmon, a great titular See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in British See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography . At See also:

• BANGOR
• BANGOR (formerly BANGOR FAWR, as distinguished from several other towns of this name in Wales, Ireland, Brittany, &c.)

Bangor Iscoed, " the great high See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir in Maelor," was the monastery, destroyed with over 2000 monks, by lEthelfred of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland in 607, as (by a curious coincidence) its namesake Bangor in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland was sacked by the Danes in the 9th century . See also:

• BEDE, BEDA, or B
• BEDE, CUTHBERT

Bede says (ii . 2) that Bangor monastery was in seven sections, with three hundred (working) monks . The supposed lines of direction of See also:

• WATT, JAMES (1736-1819)

Watt's and See also:

• OFFA
• OFFA (d. 796)

Offa's dykes were: Basingwerk, Halkin, Hope, Alyn valley, See also:

• OSWESTRY

Oswestry (Croes Oswallt, " See also:

• OSWALD (c. 605—642)
• OSWALD (d. 992)

Oswald's cross "), for Watt's, and Prestatyn, Mold, Minera, across the See also:

• SEVERN
• SEVERN, JOSEPH (1793-1879)

Severn (Hafren, or Sabrina) for Off a's . Dwain Gwynedd (Gwynedd or Venedocia, is North Wales) defeated See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. at Coed Ewloe (where is a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower) and at Coleshill (Cynsylll) .

Near Pant See also:

• ASA

Asa (pant is a bottom) is the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval Maen Achwynfan (achwyn, to complain, maen, stone), and tumuli, menhirs (mein hirion) and inscribed stones are frequent throughout the county . There is a 14th-century cross in See also:

• NEWMARKET

Newmarket See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard . Caergwrle Castle seems See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Roman, or even British; but most of the castles in the county date from the early See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards . See H . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor, Flint (London, 1883) .