JOHANN GOTTFRIED

FLUGEL (1788-1855)  , German lexicographer, was born at Barby near Magdeburg, on the 22nd of November 1788 . He was originally a merchant's clerk, but emigrating to the United States in 1810, he made a special study of the English language, and returning to Germany in 1819, was in 1824 appointed lector of the English language in the university of Leipzig . In 1838 he became American consul, and subsequently representative and correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington and several other leading American literary and scientific institutions . He died at Leipzig on the 24th of June 1855 . The fame of Flugel rests chiefly on the Vollstdndige englischdeutsche and deutsch-englische Worterbuch, first published in 2 vols . (Leipzig) in 1830, which has had an extensive circulation not only in Germany but in England and America . In this work he was assisted by J . Sporschil, and a new and enlarged edition, edited by his son Felix Flugel (1820–1904), was published at Brunswick (189o-1892) . Another edition, in two volumes, edited by Prof . Immanuel Schmidt and S . Tanger appeared (Brunswick, London & New York) in 1906 . Among his other works are—Vollstandige engl .

Sprachlehre (1824–1826); Triglotte,

oder kaufmannisches Worterbuch in drei Sprachen, Deutsch, Englisch and Franzosisch (1836–1840) ; Kleines Kaufmannisches Handworterbuch in drei Sprachen (1840); and Praktisches Handbuch der engl . Handelscorrespondenz (1827, 9th ed . 1873) . All these have passed through several editions . In addition, Flugel also published in the English language: A series of Commercial Letters (Leipzig, 1822), a 9th edition of which appeared in 1874 under the title Practical Mercantile Correspondence and a Practical Dictionary of the English and German Languages (2 vols., Hamburg and Leipzig, 1847–1852; 15th ed., Leipzig, 1891) . The last was continued and re-edited by his son Felix .