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FLY (formed on the root of the suppos...

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 584 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FLY (formed on the root of the supposed
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original
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Tent. fleugan, to fly)
  , a designation applied to the winged or perfect state of many
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insects belonging to various orders, as in butterfly (see LEPIDOPTERA), dragon-fly (q.v.), may-fly (q.v.), caddis-fly (q.v.), &c.; also specially employed by entomologists to mean any
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species of the two-winged flies, or DIPTERA (q.v.) . In ordinary parlance fly is often used in the sense of the
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common house-fly (Musca domestica); and by
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English colonists and sportsmen in South Africa in that of a species of tsetse-fly (Glossina), or a tract of country (" belt ") in which these insects abound (see TSETSE-FLY) . Apart from the house-fly proper (Musca domestica), which in England is the usual one, several species of flies are commonly found in houses; e.g. the Stomoxys calcitrans, or
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stable-fly; Pollenia rudis, or cluster-fly; Muscina slabulans, another stable-fly; Calliphora erythrocephala, blue-bottle fly, blow-fly or
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meat-fly, with smaller sorts of blue-bottle, Phormia terraenovae and Lucilia caesar; Homalomyia canicularis and brevis, the small house-fly; Scenopinus fenestralis, the black window-fly, &c . But Musca domestica is far the most numerous, and in many places, especially in hot weather and in hot climates, is a
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regular pest . Mr L . O . Howard (Circular 71 of the Bureau of Entomology U.S . Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, 1906) says that in 1900 he made a collection of the flies in dining-rooms in different parts of the
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United States, and out of a
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total of 23,087 flies, 22,808 were the common house-fly . Its
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geographical distribution is of the widest, and its rapidity of breeding, in manure and door-yard filth, so
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great that, as a carrier of germs of disease, especially cholera and typhoid, the house-fly is now recognized as a potent source of danger; and various sanitary regulations have been made, or precautions suggested, for getting rid of it . These are discussed by Mr Howard in the paper referred to, but in brief they all amount to
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measures of general hygiene, and the
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isolation, prompt removal, or proper sterilization of the animal or human excrement in which these flies breed .

End of Article: FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)
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