JOHANN GEORG See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

ADAM See also:

• FORSTER, FRANCOIS (179o-,872)
• FORSTER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1791-1868)
• JOHANN GEORG ADAM FORSTER (1754-1794)
• FORSTER, JOHN (1812-1876)
• FORSTER, JOHN COOPER (1823-1886)
• FORSTER, WILLIAM EDWARD (1818-1886)

FORSTER (1754-1794)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German traveller and author, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Nassenhuben, a small See also:

• VILLAGE

village near See also:

• DANZIG, or DANTSIC (Polish Gdansk)

Danzig, on the 27th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1754 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, Johann See also:

• REINHOLD, KARL LEONHARD (1758-1823)

Reinhold See also:

• FORSTER, FRANCOIS (179o-,872)
• FORSTER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1791-1868)
• FORSTER, JOHANN GEORG ADAM (1754-1794)
• FORSTER, JOHN (1812-1876)
• FORSTER, JOHN COOPER (1823-1886)
• FORSTER, WILLIAM EDWARD (1818-1886)

Forster, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• GREAT

great scientific attainments but an intractable See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper, was at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time pastor of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place; the See also:

• FAMILY

family are said to have been of Scottish extraction . In 1765 the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder Forster was commissioned by the empress See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine to inspect the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian colonies in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• SARATOV

Saratov, which gave his son an opportunity of acquiring the Russian See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language and the elements of a scientific See also:

• EDUCATION

education . After a few years the father quarrelled with the Russian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and went to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he obtained a professorship of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history and the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages at the famous non-conformist See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy at See also:

• WARRINGTON

Warrington . His violent temper soon compelled him to resign this See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, and for two years he and his son earned a See also:

• PRECARIOUS

precarious livelihood by See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations in See also:

• LONDON

London-a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical- education, however, exceedingly useful to the younger Forster, who became a thorough See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• ENGLISH

English, and acquired many of the ideas which chiefly influenced his subsequent See also:

• LIFE

life . At length the turning point in his career came in the shape of an invitation for him and his father to accompany See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

Cook in his third voyage See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• WORLD

world . Such an expedition was admirably calculated to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call forth Forster's See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . His See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Cook's voyage (A Voyage round the World, London, 1777; in German, See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1778-178o), is almost the first example of the glowing yet faithful description of natural phenomena which has since made a knowledge of them the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the educated world . The publication of this See also:

• WORK

work was, however, impeded for some time by See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences with the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, during which Forster proceeded to the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent to obtain an appointment for his father as See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at See also:

• CASSEL
• CASSEL, or KASSEL

Cassel, and found to his surprise that it was conferred upon himself . The elder Forster, however, was soon provided for elsewhere, being appointed professor of natural history at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle . At Cassel Forster formed an intimate friendship with the great anatomist Sommerring, and about the same time made the acquaintance of See also:

• JACOBI, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH (1743-1819)
• JACOBI, JOHANN GEORG (1740-1814)
• JACOBI, KARL GUSTAV JACOB (1804-1851)

Jacobi, who gave him a leaning towards See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism from which he subequently emancipated himself . The want of books and scientific apparatus at Cassel induced him to resort frequently to See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, where he became betrothed to Therese See also:

• HEYNE, CHRISTIAN GOTTLOB (1729–1812)

Heyne, the daughter of the illustrious philologist, a See also:

• CLEVER

clever and cultivated woman, but See also:

• ILL

ill-suited to be Forster's wife .

To be able to marry he accepted (1784) a professorship at the university of Wilna, which he did not find to his See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . The penury and barbarism of See also:

• POLISH

Polish circumstances are graphically described in his and his wife's letters of this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . After a few years' See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Wilna he resigned his appointment to participate in a scientific expedition projected by the Russian government, and upon the relinquishment of this undertaking became librarian to the elector of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz . He actively promoted the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and in 1793 went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to carry on the negotiations . Meanwhile, however, the Germans seized Mainz, and Forster—already disheartened by the turn of events in France—was cut off from all return . Domestic sorrows were added to his See also:

• POLITICAL

political troubles and he died suddenly at Paris on the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1794 . Forster's masterpiece is his Ansichten vom Niederrhein, von See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant, Flandern, See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, England and Frankreich (1791-1794), one of the ablest books of travel of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is clear and vivid; his method of describing what he See also:

• SEES

sees extraordinarily plastic; above all, he has the See also:

• ART

art of presenting See also:

• OBJECTS

objects to us from their most interesting and attractive See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . The same qualities are also more or less conspicuous in his See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor writings . By his See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation (from the English) of the Sakuntala of See also:

• KALIDASA

Kalidasa (1791), he first awakened German See also:

• INTEREST

interest in See also:

• INDIAN

Indian literature . Forster's Samtliche Werke appeared at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig in 9 vols. in 1843 . The Ansichten vom Rhein, &c., has been frequently reprinted (best edition by A .

Leitzmann, Halle, 1893); Leitzmann has also published (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1894) a selection of Forster's Kleine Schriften, which originally appeared in 6 vols . (1789-1797) . His See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence was published by his wife (2 vols., Leipzig, 1829) ; his Briefwechsel mit Sommerring by H . See also:

• HETTNER, HERMANN THEODOR (1821-1882)

Hettner (See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick, 1877) . See J . Moleschott, G . Forster, der Naturforscher See also:

• DES

des Volks (1854; 3rd ed., 1874) ; K . See also:

• KLEIN, JULIUS LEOPOLD (1810–1876)

Klein, G . Forster in Mainz (See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 1863) ; A . Leitzmann, G . Forster (Vorlesung) (Halle, 1893) .