See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• FOWLER, CHARLES (1792-1867)
• FOWLER, EDWARD (1632-1714)
• FOWLER, JOHN (1826-1864)
• SIR JOHN FOWLER (1817-1898)
• FOWLER, WILLIAM (c. 156o-1614)

FOWLER (1817-1898)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• CIVIL

civil engineer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 15th of See also:

• JULY

July 1817 at Wadsley See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, near See also:

• SHEFFIELD
• SHEFFIELD, JOHN BAKER HOLROYD, 1ST EARL

Sheffield, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was a See also:

• LAND

land-surveyor . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of sixteen he became a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Towlerton See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

Leather, the engineer of the Sheffield See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• WORKS

works . The latter's See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Leather, was engineer of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• AIRE

Aire and See also:

• CALDER
• CALDER, SIR ROBERT

Calder See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

Navigation See also:

• COMPANY

Company, of the See also:

• GOOLE

Goole Docks, and other similar works, and See also:

• FOWLER, CHARLES (1792-1867)
• FOWLER, EDWARD (1632-1714)
• FOWLER, JOHN (1826-1864)
• FOWLER, SIR JOHN (1817-1898)
• FOWLER, WILLIAM (c. 156o-1614)

Fowler passed occasionally into his employment, in which he acquired a thorough knowledge of See also:

• HYDRAULIC

hydraulic See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering . The era of railway construction soon swept both Fowler and his employers into its service, and one of his first employments was to oppose the route of the Midland railway, chosen by the Stephensons, which See also:

• LEFT

left Sheffield on a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch See also:

• LINE

line, and was therefore strongly resented by the inhabitants . The See also:

• PRESTIGE

prestige of the Stephensons carried all before it, but in later See also:

• LIFE

life See also:

• SIR

Sir John Fowler had the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of seeing the opposition of his clients justified, and Sheffield placed on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main line . In 1838 he went into the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of John Urpeth Rastrick, one of the leading railway See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, where he was employed in designing See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges for the line from See also:

• LONDON

London to See also:

• BRIGHTON

Brighton, and also in See also:

• SURVEYING

surveying for See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways in See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire . In 1839 he went as representative of Mr Leather to take See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the construction of the See also:

• STOCKTON
• STOCKTON, FRANCIS RICHARD (1834–1902)

Stockton & See also:

• HARTLEPOOL

Hartlepool railway and remained as manager of the line after it was finished . In 1844 he began his See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent career as an engineer, and from the first was largely employed, more particularly in laying out the small railway systems which eventually were amalgamated under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, Sheffield & See also:

• LINCOLNSHIRE

Lincolnshire . In the course of this See also:

• WORK

work he designed a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge known as Torksey Bridge, which was disallowed by the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade inspector, See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain (afterwards See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Sir) Lintorn See also:

• SIMMONS, EDWARD EMERSON (1852– )

Simmons . The engineering profession espoused Fowler's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side in the controversy which followed, and as a result the See also:

• VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict of the Board of Trade was modified . The See also:

• EPISODE

episode was the beginning of a warm friendship between these distinguished representatives of civil and military engineering . Fowler was engineer of the London See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan railway, the See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer of underground railways, and noteworthy in that it was mostly made not by tunnelling, but by excavating from the See also:

• SURFACE

surface and then covering in the permanent way; and he lived to be one of the engineers officially connected with the deep tunnelling " See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube" See also:

• SYSTEM

system extensively adopted for electric railways in London .

He was also engaged in the making of railways in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, and in 1867 he was selected by Disraeli to serve on a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission to advise the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in respect of a proposal for a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state-See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase of the Irish railway system . He also carried out considerable works in relation to the Nene Valley drainage and the reclamation of land at the See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary . In 1865 he was elected See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, the youngest president who had ever sat in the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair . He was strongly opposed to the project of a Channel See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and in 1872 he endeavoured to obtain the consent of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament to a Channel See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

ferry See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme, whereby trains were to be Transported across the strait in large ferry steamers . The proposal involved the making of enlarged harbours at See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover and Audresselles on the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, and the See also:

• BILL

bill, after passing the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, was thrown out by the casting See also:

• VOTE

vote of the chairman of a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords . In 1875 he was enabled to render, in his private capacity, a See also:

• SIGNAL

signal service to the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian government, which was much embarrassed by impracticable proposals pressed on it by See also:

• GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE (1807-1882)

Garibaldi for a rectification of the course of the See also:

• TIBER (anc. Tiberis; Ital. Tevere)

Tiber and other engineering works . He hadseveral interviews with the Italian patriot, and persuaded him of the impracticable nature of his See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, thereby obtaining for the government leisure to devise a more reasonable scheme . For eight years from 1871 he acted as See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general engineering adviser in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt to the See also:

• KHEDIVE

Khedive See also:

• ISMAIL (1830-1895)

Ismail . He projected a railway to the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan, and also the reparation of the barrage . These and many other plans came to an end owing to See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial reasons . But the maps and surveys for the railway were given to the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war office, and proved most useful to See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• WOLSELEY, GARNET JOSEPH WOLSELEY, VISCOUNT (1833- )

Wolseley in his See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile expedition . For his service Fowler was made K.C.M.G .

(1885) . He was created a See also:

• BARONET

baronet in 1890 on the completion of the Forth bridge, of which with his partner Sir See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

Baker he was See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint engineer . He died at See also:

• BOURNEMOUTH

Bournemouth on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1898 .