See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

FOWL (See also:

• DAN

Dan. Fugl, Ger. See also:

• VOGEL, EDUARD (1829-1856)
• VOGEL, SIR JULIUS (1835-1899)

Vogel)  , a See also:

• TERM

term originally used in the sense that See also:

• BIRD

bird 1 now is, but, except in See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition,—as See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl, See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild-fowl and the like,—practically almost confined 2 at See also:

• PRESENT

present to designate the otherwise nameless See also:

• SPECIES

species which struts on our dunghills, gathers See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round our See also:

• BARN

barn-doors, or See also:

• STOCKS

stocks our poultry yards—the type of the genus See also:

• GALLUS, C
• GALLUS, CORNELIUS (c. 70-26 B.C.)
• GALLUS, GAIUS AELIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS CESTIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS SULPICIUS

Gallus of ornithologists, of which four well-marked species are known . The first of these is the red See also:

• JUNGLE (Sans. jangala)

jungle-fowl of the greater See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, G. ferrugineus; called by many writers G. bankiva,—which is undoubtedly the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stock of all the domestic races (cf . See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin, Animals and See also:

• PLANTS

Plants under Domestication, i. pp . 233-246) . It inhabits See also:

• NORTHERN

northern India from See also:

• SIND

Sind to See also:

• BURMA

Burma and See also:

• COCHIN
• COCHIN, DENYS MARIE PIERRE AUGUSTIN (1851L'Evolution de la vie (1895); Le Monde exterieur (1845); Contre les barbares (1899)

Cochin See also:

• CHINA

China, as well as the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula and many of the islands as far as See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

Timor, besides the Philippines . It occurs on the Himalayas up to the height of ;000 ft., and its See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern limits in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of India proper are, according to Jerdon, found on the Raj-peepla hills to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the See also:

• NERBUDDA, or NARBADA

Nerbudda, and in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east near the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Godavery, or perhaps even farther, as he had heard of its being killed at Cummum . This species resembles in plumage what is commonly known among poultry-fanciers as the " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black-breasted See also:

• GAME

game " breed, and this is said to be especially the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with examples from the Malay countries, between which and examples from India some See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences are observable—the latter having the plumage less red, the See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear-lappets almost invariably See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, and See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate-coloured legs, while in the former the ear-lappets are See also:

• CRIMSON

crimson, like the See also:

• COMB (a word common in various forms to Teut. languages, cf. Ger. Kamm, the Indo-Europ. origin of which is seen in yoµros, a peg or pin, and Sanskrit, gambhas, a tooth)

comb and wattles, and the legs yellowish . If the Malayan birds be considered distinct, it is to them that the name G. bankiva properly applies . This species is said to be found in lofty forests and in dense thickets, as well as in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• BAMBOO

bamboo-jungles, and when cultivated See also:

• LAND

land is near its haunts, it may be seen in the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields after the crops are cut in straggling parties of from to to 20 . The See also:

• CROW (Dutch, kraal, Ger. Krdhe, Fr. corbeau, Lat. corvus)

crow to which the See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock gives utterance See also:

• MORNING

morning and evening is just like that of a See also:

• BANTAM

bantam, never prolonged as in most domestic birds . The See also:

• HEN

hen breeds from See also:

• JANUARY

January to See also:

• JULY

July, according to the locality; and See also:

• LAYS

lays from 8 to 12 creamy-white eggs, occasionally scraping together a few leaves or a little dry grass by way of a See also:

• NEST

nest . The so-called G. giganteus, formerly taken by some ornithologists for a distinct species, is now regarded as a. tame breed of G. ferrugineus or bankiva .

The second See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good species is the See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey jungle-fowl, G. sonnerati, whose range begins a little to the northward of the limits of the preceding, and it occupies the southern part of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian peninsula, without being found elsewhere . The cock has the end of the See also:

• SHAFT
• SHAFT (O. Eng., sceaft, from scafan, to shave; the word is common to Teutonic languages)

shaft of the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck-hackles dilated, fbrming a horny See also:

• PLATE

plate, like a drop of yellow sealing-See also:

• WAX

wax . His See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call is very See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar, being a broken and imperfect See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of crow, quite unlike that of G. ferrugineus and more like a cackle . The two species where their respective ranges overlap, occasionally interbreed in a wild See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and the present readily crosses in confinement with domestic poultry, but the hybrids are nearly always sterile . The third species is the Sinhalese jungle-fowl, G. stanleyi (the G. lafayettii of some authors), peculiar to See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon . This also greatly resembles in plumage some domestic birds, but the cock is red beneath, and has a yellow comb with a red edge and purplish-red cheeks and wattles . He has also a singularly different See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, his crow being dissyllabic . This bird crosses readily with tame hens, but the hybrids are believed to be infertile . The See also:

• FOURTH

fourth species, G. varius (the G. furcatus of some authors), inhabits See also:

• JAVA

Java and the islands eastwards as far as See also:

• FLORES

Flores . This differs remarkably from the others in not possessing hackles, and 1 Bird (cognate with breed and brood) was originally the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young of any See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal, and an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of the Scottish See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament speaks of See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf-birdis," i.e . Wolf-cubs . 2 Like See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

Deer (See also:

• DAN

Dan .

Dyr . Ger . Tier) . Beast, too, with some men has almost attained as much specialization.in having a large unserrated comb of red and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue and only a single See also:

• CHIN

chin wattle . The predominance of See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green in its plumage is another easy See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of distinction . Hybrids between this species and domestic birds are often produced, but they are most commonly sterile . Some of them have been mistaken for distinct species, as those which have received the names of G. aeneus and G. temmincki . Several circumstances seem to render it likely that fowls were first domesticated in Burma or the countries adjacent thereto, and it is the tradition of the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese that they received their poultry from the West about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1400 B.C . By the Institutes of Manu, the tame fowl is forbidden, though the wild is allowed to be eaten—showing that its domestication was accomplished when they were written . The bird is not mentioned in the Old Testament nor by See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, though he has 'AX KTCOp (cock) as the name of a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, nor is it figured on See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian monuments . See also:

• PINDAR (Gr. HivSapos, c. 522–443 B.c.)

Pindar mentions it, and See also:

• ARISTOPHANES
• ARISTOPHANES (c. 448–385 B.e.1)

Aristophanes calls it the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian bird, thus indicating it to have been introduced to See also:

• GREECE

Greece through See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, and it is figured on Babylonian cylinders between the 6th and 7th centuries p.c . It is sculptured on the Lycian See also:

• MARBLES

marbles in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum (c .

600 B.C.), and E . See also:

• BLYTH

Blyth remarks (See also:

• IBIS

Ibis, 1867, p . 157) that it is there represented with the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of a true jungle-fowl, for none of the wild' Galli have the upright bearing of the tame breed, but carry their tail in a drooping position . For further particulars of these breeds see POULTRY . (A .