See also:

• FRANCK
• FRANCK, CESAR (1822-1890)
• FRANCK, or FRANK [latinized FRANCUS], SEBASTIAN (c. 1499-c. 1543)

FRANCK, or See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

FRANK [latinized FRANCUS], See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

SEBASTIAN (c. 1499-c. 1543)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German freethinker, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1499 at See also:

• DONAUWORTH

Donauworth, whence he constantly styled himself See also:

• FRANCK
• FRANCK, CESAR (1822-1890)
• FRANCK, or FRANK [latinized FRANCUS], SEBASTIAN (c. 1499-c. 1543)

Franck von Word . He entered the university of Ingoldstadt (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 26, 1515), and proceeded thence to the Dominican See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, incorporated with the university, at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg . Here he met his subsequent antagonists, See also:

• BUCER (or BuTZER), MARTIN (1491-1551)

Bucer and Frecht, with whom he seems to have attended the See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference (See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1518) at which See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther declared himself a true son of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . He afterwards reckoned the See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig disputation (See also:

• JUNE

June-See also:

• JULY

July 1519) and the burning of the papal See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull (See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1520) as the beginning of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . Having taken See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest's orders, he held in 1524 a cure in the neighbourhood of Augsburg, but soon (1525) went over to the Reformed party at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg and became preacher at Gustenfelden . His first See also:

• WORK

work (finished See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1527) was a German See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation with additions (1528) of the first See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• DIALLAGE

Diallage, or Conciliatio locorum Scripturae,. directed against See also:

• SACRAMENTARIANS

Sacramentarians and See also:

• ANABAPTISTS (" re-baptizers," from Gr. apa and J3airri tt')

Anabaptists by See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew Althamer, then See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon of St Sebald's at Nuremberg . On the 17th of March 1528 he married Ottilie .Beham, a gifted See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, whose See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, pupils of Albrecht Diirer, had got into trouble through Anabaptist leanings . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year he wrote a very popular See also:

• TREATISE

treatise against See also:

• DRUNKENNESS

drunkenness . In 1529 he produced a See also:

• FREE

free version (Klagbrief der armen Durftigen in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England) of the famous Sup plycacyon of the Beggers, written abroad (1528?) by See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

Fish . Franck, in his See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface, says the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original was in See also:

• ENGLISH

English; else-where he says it was in Latin; the theory that his German was ready the original is unwarrantable . Advance in his religious ideas led him to seek the freer See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere of See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg in the autumn of 1529 . To his translation (1530) of a Latin Chronicleand Description of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey, by a Transylvanian See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive, which had been prefaced by Luther, he added an appendix holding up the See also:

• TURKS

Turks as in many respects an example to Christians, and presenting, in lieu of the restrictions of Lutheran, Zwinglian and Anabaptist sects, the See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision of an invisible spiritual church, universal in its See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope .

To this ideal he remained faithful . At Strassburg began his intimacy with Caspar See also:

• SCHWENKFELD, KASPAR (149o-1561)

Schwenkfeld, a See also:

• CON

con-genial spirit . Here, too, he published, in 1531, his most See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im' portant work, the Chronica, Zeitbuch and Geschichtsbibel, largely a compilation on the basis of the Nuremberg See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle (1493), and in its treatment of social and religious questions connected with the Reformation, exhibiting a strong sympathy with heretics, and an unexampled fairness to all kinds of freedom in See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion . It is too much to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call him " the first of German historians "; he is a forerunner of Gottfried See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold, with more vigour and directness of purpose . Driven from Strassburg by the authorities, after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short imprisonment in December 1531, he tried to make a living in 1532 as a soapboiler at See also:

• ESSLINGEN

Esslingen, removing in 1533 for a better See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market to See also:

• ULM

Ulm, where (October 28, 1534) he was admitted as a See also:

• BURGESS (Med. Lat. burgensis, from burgus, a borough, a town)
• BURGESS, DANIEL (1645-1713)
• BURGESS, THOMAS (1756–1837)

burgess . His Weltbuch, a supplement to his Chronica, was printed at See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen in 1534; the publication, in the same year, of his Paradoxa at Ulm brought him into trouble with the authorities . An See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order for his banishment was withdrawn on his promise to submit future See also:

• WORKS

works for censure . Not interpreting this as applying to works printed outside Ulm, he published in 1538 at Augsburg his Guldin See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch (with See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan See also:

• PARALLELS

parallels to See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian sentiments) and at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort his Germaniae chronicon, with the result that he had to leave Ulm in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1539 . He seems henceforth to have had no settled See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode . At See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel he found work as a printer, and here, probably, it was that he died in the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1542-1543 . He had published in 1539 his Kriegbiichlein See also:

• DES

des Friedens (pseudonymous), his Schrifftliche and ganz grundliche Auslegung des 64 See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms, and his Das verbutschierte mit Sieben Siegeln verschlossene See also:

• BUCH
• BUCH, CHRISTIAN LEOPOLD VON, BARON (1774-1853)

Buch (a biblical See also:

• INDEX

index, exhibiting the dissonance of Scripture); in 1541 his SpruchwOrter (a collection of See also:

• PROVERBS, BOOK OF (Heb. Mishle Slzelomoh, " Proverbs of Solomon," abridged by the later Jews to Mishle; Septuagint, irapotpiai or II. EaX.; Lat. Vulg. Parabolae sal. and Liber proverbiorum)

proverbs, several times reprinted with See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations); in 1542 a new edition of his Paradoxa; and some smaller works . Franck combined the humanist's See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for freedom with the mystic's devotion to the See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion of the spirit .

His breadth of human sympathy led him to positions which the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative study of religions has made See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar, but for which his See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age was unprepared . Luther contemptuously dismissed him as a " See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil's mouth." Pastor Frecht of Nuremberg pursued him with See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter zeal . But his courage did not fail him, and in his last year, in a public Latin See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter, he exhorted his friend See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Campanus to maintain freedom of thought in See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• HERESY

heresy . See Hegler, in Hauck's Realencyklopadie (1899); C . A . See also:

• HASE, CARL BENEDICT (1780-1864)
• HASE, KARL AUGUST VON (1800-1890)

Hase, See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian Franck von Word (1869); J . F . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, in Theological See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (See also:

• APRIL

April 1874) ; E . Tausch, Sebastian Franck von Donauworth and See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

seine Lehrer (1893) . (A .