FRANKFORT  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky, U.S.A., and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin county, on the Kentucky See also:

• RIVER

river, about 55 m . E. of See also:

• LOUISVILLE

Louisville . Pop . (189o) 7892; (1900) 9487, of whom 3316 were negroes; (1gio See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census) 10,465 . The city is served by the Chesapeake & See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, the Louisville & See also:

• NASHVILLE

Nashville, and the Frankfort & See also:

• CINCINNATI

Cincinnati See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, by the Central Kentucky See also:

• TRACTION (Lat. trahere, to draw)

Traction Co . (electric), and by steamboat lines to Cincinnati, Louisville and other river ports . It is built among picturesque hills on both sides of the river, and is in the midst of the famous Kentucky " See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue grass region " and of a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• LUMBER

lumber-producing region . The most prominent See also:

• BUILDING

building is the Capitol, about 400 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and 185 ft. wide, built of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, with 70 large Ionic columns, and adome 205 ft. above the See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace See also:

• LINE

line, supported by 24 other columns . The Capitol was built in 1905-1907 at a cost of more than $2,000,000; in it are housed the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state library and the library of the Kentucky State See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society . At Frankfort, also, are the state See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal, the state See also:

• PENITENTIARY (med. Lat. poenitentiarius, from poenitentia, penance, poena, punishment, a term used both as adjective and substantive, referring either to the means of repentance or that of punishment. In its ecclesiastical use the word is used as the equi

penitentiary and the state See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for feeble-minded See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, and just outside the city limits is the state coloured normal school . The old capitol (first occupied in 1829) is still See also:

• STANDING

standing . In Franklin See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest the remains of See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel See also:

• BOONE
• BOONE, DANIEL (1734-1820)

Boone and of See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore O'Hara (1820-1867), a lawyer, soldier, journalist and poet, who served in the U.S. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1846-1848 during the Mexican See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, took See also:

• PART

part in filibustering expeditions to See also:

• CUBA (the aboriginal name)

Cuba, served in the Confederate army, and is best known as the author of " The See also:

• BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

Bivouac of the Dead," a poem written for the See also:

• BURIAL

burial in Frankfort of some soldiers who had lost their lives at Buena Vista .

Here also are the See also:

• GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard M . See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• UNITED

United States in 1837-1841, and the sculptor See also:

• JOEL
• JOEL, MANUEL (1826–189o)

Joel T . See also:

• HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL (1854– )
• HART, CHARLES (d. 1683)
• HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (1835–1898)
• HART, SIR ROBERT
• HART, WILLIAM (1823–1894)

Hart (1810-1877) . The city has a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with the surrounding See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, in which large quantities of See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco and See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp are produced; its manufactures include lumber, brooms, chairs, shoes, hemp twine, canned vegetables and See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass bottles . The See also:

• TOTAL

total value of the city's factory product in 1905 was $1,747,338, being 31.6% more than in 1900 . Frankfort (said to have been named after See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank, one of an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer party ambushed here by See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians) was founded in 1786 by See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WILKINSON, JAMES (1757–1825)
• WILKINSON, JAMES JOHN GARTH (1812-1899)
• WILKINSON, JOHN (1728-1808)
• WILKINSON, SIR JOHN GARDNER (1797—1875)
• WILKINSON, TATE (1739—1803)

Wilkinson, then deeply interested in trade with the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish at New See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, and in the midst of his Spanish intrigues . In 1792 the city was made the capital of the state . In 1862, during the famous See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign in Kentucky of General Braxton See also:

• BRAGG, BRAXTON (1817—1876)

Bragg (Confederate) and General D . C . See also:

• BUELL, DON CARLOS (1818-1898)

Buell (Federal), Frankfort was occupied for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by Bragg, who, just before being forced out by Buell, took part in the inauguration of Richard J . See also:

• HAWES, STEPHEN (fl. 1502-1521)
• HAWES, WILLIAM (1785–1846)

Hawes, chosen See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor by the Confederates of the state . Hawes, however, never discharged the duties of his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office .

During the See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter contest for the governor-See also:

• SHIP

ship in 1900 between See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Goebel (Democrat) and William S . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor (Republican), each of whom claimed the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election, Goebel was assassinated at Frankfort . (See also KENTUCKY.) Frankfort received a city See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter in 1839 . FRANKFORT-ON-See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

MAIN (Ger . Frankfurt am Main), a city of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the Prussian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse-See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau, principally on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Main, 24 M. above its confluence with the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine at See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, and 16 m . N. from See also:

• DARMSTADT

Darmstadt . Always a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• GREAT

great trading importance, long the place of election for the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, and until 1866, together with See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, See also:

• BREMEN

Bremen and See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck, one of the four See also:

• FREE

free cities of Germany, it still retains its position as one of the leading commercial centres of the German See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . Its situation in the broad and fertile valley of the Main, the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon formed by the soft outlines of the See also:

• TAUNUS

Taunus range, is one of great natural beauty, the surrounding country being richly clad with See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard and See also:

• FOREST

forest . Frankfort is one of the most interesting, as it is also one of the wealthiest, of German cities . Apart from its commercial importance, its position, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the fashionable watering-places of Homburg, See also:

• NAUHEIM

Nauheim and See also:

• WIESBADEN

Wiesbaden, has rendered it " See also:

• COSMOPOLITAN (Gr. Kbvµos, world, and IroXirgs, citizen)

cosmopolitan " in the best sense of the See also:

• TERM

term . The various stages in the development of the city are clearly indicated in its general See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan and the surviving names of many of its streets . The line of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century walls and See also:

• MOAT

moat is marked by the streets of which the names end in -graben, from the Hirschgraben on the W. to the Wollgraben on the E .

The space enclosed by these and by the river on the S. is known as the " old See also:

• TOWN

town " (Altstadt) . The so-called " new town " (See also:

• NEUSTADT (Polish, Prudnik)

Neustadt), added in 1333, extends to the Anlagen, the beautiful gardens and promenades laid out (,8o6-1812) on the site of the 17th century fortifications, of which they faithfully preserve the general ground plan . Of the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval fortifications the picturesque Eschenheimer Tor, a See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower 155 ft. high, dating from 1400 to 1428, the Rententurm (1456) on the Main and the Kuhhirtenturm (c . 1490) in Sachsenhausen, are the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole remains . Since the demolition of the fortifications the city has greatly See also:

• EXPANDED

expanded . Sachsenhausen on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south bank of the river, formerly the seat of a See also:

• COMMANDERY (through the Fr. commanderie, from med. Lat. commendaria, a trust or charge)

commandery of the See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order (by treaty with See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria in 1842 all See also:

• PROPERTY

property and rights of the order in Frankfort territory were sold to the city, except the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house), is now a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the city . In other directions also the expansion has been rapid; the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Bornheim was incorporated in Frankfort in 1877, the former See also:

• HESSIAN

Hessian town of Bockenheim in 1895, and the suburbs of Niederrad, Oberrad and Seckbach in 1900 . The main development of the city has been to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the river, which is crossed by numerous See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges and flanked by See also:

• FINE

fine quays and promenades . The Altstadt, though several broad streets have been opened through it, still preserves many of its narrow alleys and other medieval features . The Judengasse (See also:

• GHETTO

Ghetto), down to 18o6 the sole See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews' quarter, has been pulled down, with the exception of the ancestral house of the See also:

• ROTHSCHILD

Rothschild See also:

• FAMILY

family—No . 148—which has been restored and retains its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FACADE

facade . As the Altstadt is mainly occupied by artisans and See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty tradesmen, so the Neustadt is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal business quarter of the city, containing the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief public buildings and the principal hotels .

The main See also:

• ARTERIES (Gr. ap-rnpia, probably from a"spew, to raise, but popularly connected by the ancients with ai7P, air)

arteries of the city are the Zeil, a broad See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street See also:

• RUNNING

running from the Friedberger Anlage to the Rossmarkt and thence continued, by the Kaiserstrasse, through the fine new quarter built after 1872, to the magnificent principal railway station; and the Steinweg and Goethestrasse, which See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead by the Bockenheimer Tor to the Bockenheimer Landstrasse, a broad See also:

• BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")

boulevard intersecting the fashionable residential suburb to the N.W . Churches.—The principal ecclesiastical building in Frankfort is the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral (Dom) . Built of red See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, with a massive tower terminating in a richly ornamented See also:

• CUPOLA (Ital., from Lat. cupula, small cask or vault, cupa, tub)

cupola and 300 ft. in height, it is the most conspicuous See also:

• OBJECT

object in the city . This building, in which the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman emperors were formerly elected and, since 1562, crowned, was founded in 852 by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis the German, and was later known as the Salvator Kirche . After its reconstruction (1235-1239), it was dedicated to St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew . From this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period date the See also:

• NAVE

nave and the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side aisles; the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir was completed in 1315-1338 and the long transepts in 1346-1354 . The cloisters were rebuilt in 1348-1447, and the electoral See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, on the south of the choir, was completed in 1355 . The tower was begun in 1415, but remained unfinished . On the 15th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1867 the tower and roof were destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and considerable damage was done to the rest of the edifice . The restoration was immediately taken in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and the whole See also:

• WORK

work was finished in 1881, including the completion of the tower, according to the plans of the 15th century architect, Hans von See also:

• INGELHEIM (Ober-Ingelheim and Nieder-Ingelheim)

Ingelheim . In the interior is the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the German king See also:

• GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

Gunther of See also:

• SCHWARZ (or SCHWARTZ), CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1726-1798)
• SCHWARZ, KARL (1812–1885)

Schwarz-See also:

• BURG

burg, who died in Frankfort in 1349, and that of See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph, the last See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of Sachsenhausen, who died in 1371 . Among the other Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic churches are the Leonhardskirche, the Liebfrauenkirche (church of Our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady) and the Deutschordenskirche (14th century) in Sachsenhausen .

The Leonhardskirche (restored in 1882) was begun in 1219, it is said on the site of the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne . It was originally a three-aisled See also:

• BASILICA

basilica, but is now a five-aisled Hallenkirche; the choir was added in 1314 . It has two Romanesque towers . The Liebfrauenkirche is first mentioned in 1314 as a collegiate church; the nave was consecrated in 1340 . The choir was added in 1506-1509 and the whole church thoroughly restored in the second See also:

• HALF

half of the 18th century, when the tower was built (1790) . Of the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant churches the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest is the Nikolaikirche, which See also:

• DATES

dates from the 13th century; the fine See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast-See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• SPIRE

spire erected in 1843 had to be taken down in 1901 . The Paulskirche, the principal Evangelical (Lutheran) church, built between 1786 and 1833, is a red See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone edifice of no architectural pretensions, but interesting as the seat of the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of 1848-1849 . The Katharinenkirche, built 1678-1681 on the site of an older building, is famous in Frankfort See also:

• HISTORY

history as the place where the first Protestant See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon was preached in 1522 . Among the more noteworthy of the newer Protestant churches are the Peterskirche (1892-1895) in the North German Renaissance style, with a tower 256 ft. high, standing north from the Zeil, the Christuskirche (1883) and the Lutherkirche (1889-1893) . An See also:

• ENGLISH

English church, in Early English See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic style, situated adjacent to the Bockenheimer Landstrasse, was completed and consecrated in 1906 . Of the five synagogues, the chief (or Hauptsynagoge), lying in the Bornestrasse, is an attractive building of red sandstone in the Moorish-See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine style . Public Buildings.—Of the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings in Frankfort, the Romer, for almost five See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years the Rathaus (town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall) of the city, is of See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime historical See also:

• INTEREST

interest .

It lies on the Romer-See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

berg, a square flanked by curious medieval houses . It is first mentioned in 1322, was bought with the adjacent hostelry in 1405 by the city and rearranged as a town hall, and has since, from time to time, been enlarged by the See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase of adjoining patrician houses, forming a complex of buildings of various styles and dates surmounted by a See also:

• CLOCK

clock tower . The facade was rebuilt (1896-1898) in See also:

• LATE

late Gothic style . It was here, in the Wahlzimmer (or election-chamber) that the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors or their plenipotentiaries See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose the German kings, and here in the Kaisersaal (emperors' hall) that the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation festival was held, at which the new king or See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor dined with the electors after having shown himself from the See also:

• BALCONY (Ital. balcone from balco, scaffold; cf. O. H. Ger. balcho, beam, Mod. Ger. Balken, Eng. balk)

balcony to the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . The Kaisersaal retained its See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance until 1843, when, as also again in 1904, it was restored and redecorated; it is now furnished with a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• MODERN

modern paintings representing the German kings and Roman emperors from Charlemagne to See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis II., in all fifty-two, and a statue of the first German emperor, William I . New municipal buildings adjoining the " Romer " on the north side were erected in 1900-1903 in German Renaissance style, with a handsome tower 220 ft. high; beneath it is a public See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine-cellar, and on the first See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey a See also:

• GRAND

grand municipal hall . The palace of the princes of Thurn and Taxis in the Eschenheimer Gasse was built (1732-1741) from the designs of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Cotte, chief architect to Louis XIV. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . From r8o6 to 1810 it was the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of Karl von See also:

• DALBERG

Dalberg, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince-See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate of the See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

Confederation of the Rhine, with whose dominions Frankfort had been incorporated by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon . From 1816 to 1866 it was the seat of the German federal See also:

• DIET

diet, It is now annexed to the principal See also:

• POST

post office (built 1892-1894), which lies close to it on the Zeil . The Saalhof, built on the site of the palace erected by Louis the Pious in 822, overlooking the Main, has a chapel of the 12th century, the substructure dating from Carolingian times . This is the oldest building in Frankfort . The facade of the Saalhof in the Saalgasse dates from 16o4, the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern wing with the two gables from 1715 to 1717 .

Of numerous other medieval buildings maybe mentioned the Leinwandhaus (linendrapers' hall), a 15th century building reconstructed in 1892 as a municipal museum . In the Grosser Hirschgraben is the Goethehaus, a 16th century building which came into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe family in 1733 . Here Goethe lived from his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth in 1749 until 1775 . In 1863 the house was acquired by the Freies deutsche Hochstift and was opened to the public . It has been restored, from Goethe's See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of it in Dichtung and Wahrheit, as nearly as possible to its See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition in the poet's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and is now connected with a Goethemuseum (1897), with archives and a library of 25,000 volumes representative of the Goethe period of German literature . See also:

• LITERARY

Literary and Scientific Institutions.—Few cities of the same See also:

• SIZE

size as Frankfort are so richly endowed with literary, scientific and See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic institutions, or possess so many handsome buildings appropriated to their service . The See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera-house, erected near the Bockenheimer Tor in 1873-188o, is a magnificent edifice in the style of the Italian Renaissance and ranks among the finest theatres in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . There are also a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre (Schauspielhaus) in modern Renaissance style (1899-1902), devoted especially to See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama, a splendid See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert hall (Saalbau), opened in 1861, and numerous See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor places of theatrical entertainment . The public picture See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery in the Saalhof possesses See also:

• WORKS

works by Hans See also:

• HOLBEIN, HANS

Holbein, Griinewald, See also:

• VAN

Van Dyck, See also:

• TENIERS

Teniers, Van der See also:

• NEER, VAN DER

Neer, Hans von See also:

• KULMBACH, or CULMBACH

Kulmbach, See also:

• LUCAS, CHARLES (1713–1771)
• LUCAS, JOHN SEYMOUR (1849– )
• LUCAS, SIR CHARLES (d. 1648)

Lucas See also:

• CRANACH, LUCAS (1472-1553)

Cranach and other masters . The Stadel See also:

• ART

Art See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute (Stadel'sches Kunstinstitut) in Sachsenhausen, founded by the banker J . F . Stadel in 1816, contains a picture gallery and a See also:

• CABINET

cabinet of engravings extremely rich in works of German art .

The municipal library, with 300,000 volumes, boasts among its rarer treasures a See also:

• GUTENBERG, JOHANN (c. 1398–1468)

Gutenberg See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible printed at Mainz between 1450 and 1455, another on See also:

• PARCHMENT

parchment dated 1462, the Institutiones Justiniani (Mainz, 1468), the Theuerdank, with woodcuts by Hans Schaufelein, and numerous valuable See also:

• AUTOGRAPHS

autographs . It also contains a fine collection of coins . The Bethmann Museum owes its celebrity principally to See also:

• DANNECKER, JOHANN HEINRICH VON (1758-1841)

Dannecker's " See also:

• ARIADNE (in Greek mythology)

Ariadne," but it also possesses the original See also:

• PLASTER

plaster See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of See also:

• THORWALDSEN, BERTEL (1770.1844)

Thorwaldsen's " Entrance of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the Great into See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon." There may also be mentioned the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

Industrial Art See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of the See also:

• POLYTECHNIC (Gr. aroWus, many, and rEXvn, an art)

Polytechnic Association and two conservatories of See also:

• MUSIC

music . Among the scientific institutions the first place belongs to the Senckenberg'sches naturhistorische Museum, containing valuable collections of birds and shells . Next must be mentioned the Kunstgewerbe (museum of arts and crafts) and the Musical Museum, with valuable See also:

• MSS

MSS. and portraits . Besides the municipal library (Stadtbibliothek) mentioned above there are three others of importance, the Rothschild, the Senckenberg and the Jewish library (with a well-appointed See also:

• READING

reading-See also:

• ROOM

room) . There are numerous high-grade See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, musical and other learned See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies and excellent hospitals . The last include the large municipal infirmary and the Senckenberg'sches Stift, a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital and almshouses founded by a See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor, Johann C . Senckenberg (d . 1772) . The Royal Institute for experimental See also:

• THERAPEUTICS (Gr. BepaaeuTLKIi, Sc. TEXVrt, from Beparebsty, to serve)

therapeutics (Konigl.Institut fiir experimentelle Therapie) , moved to Frankfort in 1899, attracts numerous See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign students, and is especially concerned with the study of See also:

• BACTERIOLOGY

bacteriology and serums . Bridges.—Seven bridges (of which two are railway) See also:

• CROSS

cross the Main .

The most interesting of these is the Alte Mainbrucke, a red sandstone structure of fourteen See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, 815 ft. long, dating from the 14th century . On it are a See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill, a statue of Charlemagne and an iron crucifix surmounted by a gilded See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock . The latter commemorates, according to tradition, the See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl which was the first living being to cross the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge and thus See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell a See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil, who in See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of a nobler victim had sold his assistance to the architect . Antiquaries, however, assert that it probably marks the spot where criminals were in olden times flung into the river . Other bridges are the Obermainbrucke of five iron arches, opened in 1878; an iron See also:

• FOOT

foot (suspension) bridge, the Untermainbrucke; the Wilhelmsbrucke, a fine structure, which from 1849 to 1890 served as a railway bridge and was then opened as a road bridge; and two new iron bridges at Gutleuthof and Niederrad (below the city), which carry the railway See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic from the south to the north bank of the Main, where all lines converge in a central station of the Prussian state railways . This station, which was built in 1883–1888 and has replaced the three stations belonging to private companies, which formerly stood in juxtaposition on the Anlagen (or promenades) near the Mainzer Tor, lies some half-mile to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . The intervening ground upon which the railway lines and buildings stood was sold for building sites, the sum obtained being more than sufficient to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the cost of the majestic central See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus (the third largest in the See also:

• WORLD

world) , which, in addition to spacious and handsome halls for passenger See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation, has three glass-covered spans of 18o ft. width each . Yet the exigencies of traffic demand further extensions, and another large station was in 1909 in See also:

• PROCESS

process of construction at the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east end of the city, devised to receive the See also:

• LOCAL

local traffic of lines running eastward, while a through station for the north to south traffic was projected on a site farther west of the central terminus . Frankfort lies at the junction of lines of railway connecting it directly with all the important cities of south and central Germany . Here cross and unite the lines from See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin to See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, from See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne to See also:

• WURZBURG

Wurzburg and See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, from Hamburg and See also:

• CASSEL
• CASSEL, or KASSEL

Cassel, and from See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden and See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig to France and See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland . The river Main has been dredged so as to afford heavy See also:

• BARGE (Med. Lat. barca, possibly connected with Lat. baris, Gr. flaps, a boat used on the Nile)

barge traffic with the towns of the upper Main and with the Rhine, and See also:

• CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo boats load and unload alongside its busy quays . A well-devised See also:

• SYSTEM

system of electric tramways provides for local communication within the city and with the outlying suburbs .

Trade, See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

Commerce and See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—Frankfort has always been more of a commercial than an industrial town, and though of late years it has somewhat lost its pre-eminent position See also:

• ASA

asa banking centre it has counterbalanced the loss in increased industrial development . The suburbs of Sachsenhausen and Bockenheim have particularly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed considerable industrial activity, especially in See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing and See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing, See also:

• BREWING

brewing and the manufacture of See also:

• QUININE

quinine . Other See also:

• SOURCES

sources of employment are the cutting of See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair for making hats, the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)