FRANKS  . The name Franks seems to have been given in the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century to a See also:

• GROUP

group of Germanic peoples dwelling See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main and reaching as far as the shores of the North See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea; See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the Main was the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home of the See also:

• ALAMANNI, or ALEMANNI, LUIGI (1495-1556)
• ALAMANNI, or ALLEMANNI

Alamanni . The names of some of these tribes have come down to us . On the Tabula Peutingeriana appear the " Chamavi qui et Pranci," which should doubtless read " qui et Franci"; these Chamavi apparently dwelt between the Yssel and the See also:

• EMS

Ems . Later, we find them a little farther south, on the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district called Hamalant, and it is their customs which were brought together in the 9th century in the document known as the Lex Francorum Chamavorum . After the Chamavi we may mention the Attuarii or Chattuarii, who are referred to by See also:

• AMMIANUS, MARCELLINUS

Ammianus See also:

• MARCELLINUS, ST

Marcellinus (xx. ro, 2): " Rheno exinde transmisso, regionem pervasit (Julianus) Francorum quos Atthuarios vocant." Later, the pages Attuariorum corresponds to the district of See also:

• EMMERICH (the ancient Embrica)

Emmerich and Xanten . It should be noted that this name occurs again in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages in See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy, not far from See also:

• DIJON

Dijon; in all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability a detachment of this See also:

• PEOPLE

people had settled in that spot in the 5th or 6th century . The Bructeri, Ampsivarii and See also:

• CHATTI

Chatti may also be classed among the Frankish tribes . They are mentioned in a celebrated passage of Sulpicius See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, which is cited by See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of See also:

• TOURS

Tours (Historia Francorum, ii . 9) . Sulpicius shows the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ARBOGAST (d. 394)

Arbogast, a See also:

• BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian in the service of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, seeking to take vengeance on the Franks (392): " Collecto exercitu, transgressus Rhenum, Bricteros ripae proximos, pagum etiam See also:

• QUERN

quern Chamavi incolunt depopulatus est, nullo unquam occursante, nisi quod pauci ex Ampsivariis et Catthis Marcomere duce in ulterioribus collium jugis apparuere." It is evidently this Marcomeres, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of these tribes, who is regarded by later historians as the See also:

• FATHER

father of the legendary Faramund (Pharamund) although in fact Marcomeres has nothing to do with the Salian Franks . The earliest mention in See also:

• HISTORY

history of the name Franks is the entry on the Tabula Peutingeriana, at least if we assume that the See also:

• TERM

term " et Franci " is not a later emendation .

The earliest occurrence of the name in any author is in the Vita Aureliani of Vopiscus (ch. vii.) . When, in 241, See also:

• AURELIAN [Lucius DoMITIus AURELIANUS]

Aurelian, who was then only a See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

tribune, had just defeated some Franks in the See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz and was marching against the Persians, his troops sang the following refrain: Mille Sarmatas, mille Francos, semel et semel occidimus; Mille Persas, quaerimus . All these Germanic tribes, which were known from the 3rd century onwards by the generic name of Franks, doubtless spoke a similar See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect and were governed by customs which must scarcely have differed from one another; but this was all they had in See also:

• COMMON

common . Each tribe was politically See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent; they formed no confederations . Sometimes two or three tribes joined forces to wage a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war; but, the struggle over, the See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond was broken, and each tribe resumed its isolated See also:

• LIFE

life . See also:

• WAITZ, GEORG (1813-1886)
• WAITZ, THEODOR (1821-1864)

Waitz holds with some show of probability that the Franks represent the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Istaevones of See also:

• TACITUS, CORNELIUS (c. 55-120)
• TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS

Tacitus, the Alamanni and the See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons representing the Herminones and the Ingaevones . Of all these Frankish tribes one especially was to become prominent, the tribe of the Salians . They are mentioned for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in 358, by Ammianus Marcellinus (xvii . 8, 3), who says that the See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian " See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

petit primos omnium Francos, videlicet eos quos consuetudo Salios appellavit." As to the origin of the name, it was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long held to be derived from the See also:

• RIVER

river Yssel or Saal . It is more probable, however, that it arose from the fact that the Salians for a long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period occupied the shores of the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt sea.1 The Salians inhabited the sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, whereas the Ripuarians dwelt on the banks of the river Rhine . The Salians, at the time when they are mentioned by Ammianus, occupied Toxandria, i.e. the region south of the See also:

• MEUSE
• MEUSE (Flem. Maes, Du. Maas)

Meuse, between that river and the See also:

• SCHELDT (Fr. Escaut, Flem. Schelde)

Scheldt . Julian defeated them completely, but allowed them to remain in Toxandria, not, as of old, as conquerors, but as foederati of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans .