See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

FREDERICK See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

AUGUSTUS I  . (1750–1827), See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, son of the elector See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden on the 23rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1750 . He succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father under the guardianship of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• XAVIER, FRANCISCO DE (1506-1552)

Xavier in 1763, and was declared of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age in 1768 . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year (See also:

• JANUARY

January 17, 1769) he married Princess Maria Amelia, daughter of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke Frederick of See also:

• ZWEIBRUCKEN

Zweibrucken, by whom he had only one See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, Princess See also:

• AUGUSTA

Augusta (born See also:

• JUNE

June 21, 1782) . One of his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief aims was the reduction of taxes and imposts and of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . He was always extremely methodical and conscientious, and a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good example to all his officials, whence his surname " the Just." On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the claims of his See also:

• MOTHER

mother on the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of her See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the elector of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, he sided with Frederick the See also:

• GREAT

Great in the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short Bavarian See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 1778 against See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . At the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• TESCHEN (Czech, Tesin; Polish, Cieszyn)

Teschen, which concluded the war, he received 6 million florins, which he employed partly in regaining those parts of his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom which had been lost, and partly in favour of his relatives . In 1785 he joined the See also:

• LEAGUE

league of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German princes (Deutsche?' Filrstenbund) formed by See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, but without See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice to his See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality . Thus he remained neutral during the See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel between Austria and Prussia in 1790 . In the following year he declined the See also:

• CROWN

crown of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland . He refused to join the league against See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France (See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 7, 1792), but when war was declared his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire necessitated his taking See also:

• PART

part in it . Even after the peace of See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel (See also:

• APRIL

April 5, 1795) he continued the war .

But when the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French army, during the following year, advanced into the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, he was compelled by See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• JOURDAN, JEAN BAPTISTE, COUNT (1762-1833)

Jourdan to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat (See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 13, 1796) . He maintained his neutrality during the war between France and Austria in 18o5, but in the following year he joined Prussia against France . After the disastrous See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• JENA

Jena he concluded a treaty of peace with See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon at See also:

• POSEN
• POSEN (Polish Poznan)

Posen (December 1 r, 18o6), and, assuming the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of king, he joined the See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

Confederation of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine . But he did not alter the constitution and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of his new kingdom . After the peace of See also:

• TILSIT

Tilsit (See also:

• JULY

July 9, 1807) he was created by Napoleon See also:

• GRAND

grand-duke of See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw, but his See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of Poland was little more than nominal . There was a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of friendship between Frederick See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and Napoleon . In 1809 Frederick Augustus fought with him against Austria . On several occasions (18o7, 1812, 1813) Napoleon was entertained at Dresden, and when, on his return from his disastrous See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, he passed through Saxony by Dresden (December 16, 1812), Frederick Augustus remained true to his friend and ally . It was only during April 1813 that he made overtures to Austria, but he soon afterwards returned to the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the French . He returned to Dresden on the loth of May and was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the terrible battle of August 26 and 27, in which Napoleon's army and his own were defeated . He See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

Allies after their entry into See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig on the 19th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1813; and, although he regained his freedom after the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, he was compelled to give up the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern part—three-fifths—of his kingdom to Prussia (May 21, 1814) . He entered Dresden on the 7th of July, and was enthusiastically welcomed by his See also:

• PEOPLE

people .

The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of his See also:

• LIFE

life was spent in repairing the See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages caused by the See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic See also:

• WARS

wars, in developing the agricultural, commercial and See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial resources of his kingdom, reforming the administration of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, establishing hospitals and other charitable institutions, encouraging See also:

• ART

art and See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and promoting See also:

• EDUCATION

education . He had a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• INTEREST

interest in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, and originated the beautiful See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park at See also:

• PILLNITZ

Pillnitz . His reign through-out was characterized by justice, probity, moderation and prudence . He died on the 5th of May 1827 . See See also:

• BOTTIGER, KARL AUGUST (176o-1835)

Bottiger-Flathe, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Saxony, vol. iii . ; R . Freiherr von Friesen, Erinnerungen (2 vols., Dresden, 1881); F . F . See also:

• GRAF, ARTURO (1848– )
• GRAF, KARL HEINRICH (1815–1869)

Graf von Beust, Aus drei-viertel Jahrhunderten (2 vols., 1887) ; Flathe, in Allg. deutsche Biogr . (J .