See also:

• ELIE

ELIE See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

CATHERINE See also:

• ELIE CATHERINE FRERON (1719-1776)
• FRERON, LOUIS MARIE STANISLAS (1754-1802)

FRERON (1719-1776)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French critic and controversialist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• QUIMPER

Quimper in 1719 . He was educated by the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, and made such rapid progress in his studies that before the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty he was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis-le-See also:

• GRAND

Grand . He became a contributor to the Observations sur See also:

• LES

les ecrits modernes of the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

abbe See also:

• GUYOT, ARNOLD HENRY (18o7–1884)
• GUYOT, YVES (1843– )

Guyot See also:

• DESFONTAINES, RENE LOUICHE (1750-1833)

Desfontaines . The very fact of his collaboration with Desfontaines, one of See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire's bitterest enemies, was sufficient to arouse the latter's hostility, and although See also:

• FRERON, ELIE CATHERINE (1719-1776)
• FRERON, LOUIS MARIE STANISLAS (1754-1802)

Freron had begun his career as one of his admirers, his attitude towards Voltaire soon changed . Freron in 1746 founded a similar See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal of his own, entitled Lettres de la Comtesse de . . . It was suppressed in 1749, but he immediately replaced it by Lettres sur quelques ecrits de ce temps, which, with the exception of a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short suspension in 1752, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of an attack on the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Voltaire, was continued till 1754, when it was succeeded by the more ambitious Annee litteraire . His See also:

• DEATH

death at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1776 is said to have been hastened by the temporary suppression of this journal . Freron is now remembered solely for his attacks on Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists, and by the retaliations they provoked on the See also:

• PART

part of Voltaire, who, besides attacking him in epigrams, and even incidentally in some of his tragedies, directed against him a virulent See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire, Le Pauvre diable, and made him the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal personage in a See also:

• COMEDY

comedy L'Ecossaise, in which the journal of Freron is designated L'Ane litteraire . A further attack .on Freron entitled Anecdotes sur Freron . . . (1760), published anonymously, is generally attributed to Voltaire .

Freron was the author of See also:

• ODE (Gr. uiSri, from aei&ew, to sing)

Ode sur la bataille de See also:

• FONTENOY

Fontenoy (1745) Histoire de See also:

• MARIE

Marie See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart (1742, 2 vols.) ; and Histoire de l'See also:

• EMPIRE

empire d'Allemagne, (1771, 8 vols.) . See Ch . See also:

• NISARD, JEAN MARIE NAPOLEON DESIRE (18o6-1888)

Nisard, Les Ennemis de Voltaire (1853) ; Despois, Journalistes et journaux du X VIII, siecle; See also:

• BARTHELEMY
• BARTHELEMY, ANATOLE
• BARTHELEMY, AUGUSTE MARSEILLE (1796–1867)
• BARTHELEMY, FRANCOIS, MARQUIS DE (1747 or 1750-1830)
• BARTHELEMY, JEAN JACQUES (1716–1795)

Barthelemy, Les confessions de Freron; Ch . Monselet, Freron, ou l'illustre critique (1864); Freron, sa See also:

• VIE

vie, souvenirs, &c . (1876) .