AUGUSTIN See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL (1788-1827)

FRESNEL (1788-1827)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French physicist, the son of an architect, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BROGLIE, DE

Broglie (See also:

• EURE

Eure) on the loth of May 1788 . His See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early progress in learning was slow, and when eight years old he was still unable to read . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of thirteen he entered the Ecole Centrale in See also:

• CAEN

Caen, and at sixteen and a See also:

• HALF

half the Ecole Polytechnique, where he acquitted himself with distinction . Thence he went to the Ecole See also:

• DES

des Ponts et Chaussees . He served as an engineer successively in the departments of See also:

• VENDEE
• VENDEE, WARS OF THE

Vendee, Drbme and Ille-et-Villaine; but his espousal of the cause of the Bourbons in 1814 occasioned, on See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon's re-See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, the loss of his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment . On the second restoration he obtained a See also:

• POST

post as engineer in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where much of his See also:

• LIFE

life from that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was spent . His researches in See also:

• OPTICS

optics, continued until his See also:

• DEATH

death, appear to have been begun about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1814, when he prepared a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper on the See also:

• ABERRATION (Lat. ab, from or away, errare,, to wander)

aberration of See also:

• LIGHT

light, which, however, was not published . In 1818 he read a memoir on diffraction for which in the ensuing year he received the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of the See also:

• ACADEMIC

Academic des Sciences at Paris . He was in 1823 unanimously elected a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, and in 1825 he became a member of the Royal Society of See also:

• LONDON

London, which in 1827, at the time of his last illness, awarded him the See also:

• RUMFORD, BENJAMIN THOMPSON, COUNT (1753-1814)

Rumford See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal . In 1819 he was nominated a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of lighthouses, for which he was the first to construct See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound lenses as substitutes for mirrors . He died of See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption at Ville-d'Avray, near Paris, on the 14th of See also:

• JULY

July 1827 . The undulatory theory of light, first founded upon experimental demonstration by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young, was extended to a large class of See also:

• OPTICAL

optical phenomena, and permanently established by his brilliant discoveries and mathematical deductions .

By the use of two See also:

• PLANE

plane mirrors of See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal, forming with each other an See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of nearly 180°, he avoided the diffraction caused in the experiment of F . M . See also:

• GRIMALDI, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO (1606-168o)
• GRIMALDI, JOSEPH (1779–1837)

Grimaldi (1618—1663) on interference by the employment of apertures for the transmission of the light, and was thus enabled in the most conclusive manner to See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for the phenomena of interference in accordance with the undulatory theory . With D . F . J . See also:

• ARAGO, DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN (1786-1853)

Arago he studied the See also:

• LAWS

laws of the interference of polarized rays . Circularly polarized light he obtained by means of a rhomb of See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, known as " See also:

• FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN JEAN (1788-1827)

Fresnel's rhomb," having obtuse angles of 126°, and acute angles of 54° . His labours in the cause of optical See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science received during his lifetime only scant public recognition, and some of his papers were not printed by the Academic des Sciences till many years after his decease . But, as he wrote to Young in 1824, in him " that sensibility, or that vanity, which See also:

• PEOPLE

people See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call love of See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory" had been blunted . " All the compliments," he says, " that I have received from Arago, See also:

• LAPLACE, PIERRE SIMON, MARQUIS DE (1749—1827)

Laplace and See also:

• BIOT, JEAN BAPTISTE (1774-1862)

Biot never gave me so much See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure as the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of a theoretic truth, or the See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation of a calculation by experiment." See Duleau, "See also:

• NOTICE

Notice sur Fresnel," Revue ency. t. xxxix . ; Arago, (Fumes completes, t. i.; and Dr G .

See also:

• PEACOCK (Lat. Pavo, O. Eng. Pawe, Du. pauuw, Ger. Pfau, Fr. Paon)
• PEACOCK, GEORGE (1791–1858)
• PEACOCK, SIR BARNES (1810-189o)
• PEACOCK, THOMAS LOVE (1785-1866)

Peacock, See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous See also:

• WORKS

Works of Thomas Young, vol. i .