See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• JEAN FROISSART (1338-1410?)

FROISSART (1338-1410?)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French chronicler and raconteur, historian of his own times . The See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart, the circumstances of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and See also:

• EDUCATION

education, the incidents of his See also:

• LIFE

life, must all be sought in his own verses and See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles . He possessed in his own lifetime no such fame as that which attended the steps of See also:

• PETRARCH (1304-1374)

Petrarch; when he died it did not occur to his successors that a See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter might well be added to his See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle setting forth what manner of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man he was who wrote it . The See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Lestines, where he was cure, has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long forgotten that a See also:

• GREAT

great writer ever lived there . They cannot point to any See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in See also:

• VALENCIENNES

Valenciennes as the lodging in which he put together his notes and made history out of personal reminiscences . It is not certain when or where he died, or where he was buried . One See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, it is true, doubtfully claims the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of holding his bones . It is that of St Monegunda of See also:

• CHIMAY

Chimay . " Gallorum sublimis honos et See also:

• FAMA (Gr. cI i.a1, "Ovoa)

fama tuorum, Hic Froissarde, faces, si modo forte jaces." It is fortunate, therefore, that the scattered statements in his writings may be so pieced together as to afford a tolerably connected history of his life See also:

• YEAR

year after year . The See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality of the man, independently of his adventures, may be arrived at by the same See also:

• PROCESS

process . It will be found that Froissart, without meaning it, has portrayed himself in clear and well-defined outline . His forefathers were jures (aldermen) of the little See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• BEAUMONT
• BEAUMONT, BELMONT, or BELLOMONT
• BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE DE (1703-1781)
• BEAUMONT, SIR JOHN (1583–1627)

Beaumont, lying near the See also:

• RIVER

river Sambre, to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the See also:

• FOREST

forest 9f See also:

• ARDENNES

Ardennes .

See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle and regarded and continued ever afterwards to regard a See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince gallant in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, glittering of See also:

• APPAREL (from O. Fr. aparail, aparailler, mod. appareil, from Low Lat. adpariculare, to make fit. or equal)

apparel, lavish of largesse, as almost a See also:

• GOD

god . Tle See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon, he says, rules the first four years of life; See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

Mercury the next ten; See also:

• VENUS

Venus follows . He was fourteen when the last goddess appeared to him in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, as he tells us, after the manner of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and informed him that he was to love a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, " belle, jone, et gente." Awaiting this happy event, he began to consider how best to See also:

• EARN

earn his livelihood . They first placed him in some commercial position—impossible now to say of what See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind —which he simply calls " la marchandise." This undoubtedly means some kind of buying and selling, not a handicraft at all . He very soon abandoned merchandise—" See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car vaut mieux See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science qu'See also:

• ARGENS, JEAN BAPTISTE DE BOYER, MARQUIS

argens "—and resolved on becoming a learned clerk . He then naturally began to make verses, like every other learned clerk . Quite as naturally, and still in the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of a learned clerk, he fulfilled the prophecy of Venus and See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in love . He found one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day a demoiselle See also:

• READING

reading a See also:

• BOOK

book of romances . He did not know who she was, but stealing gently towards her, he asked her what book she was reading . It was the See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of Cleomades . He remarks the singular beauty of her See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue eyes and See also:

• FAIR

fair See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, while she reads a See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page or two, and then—one would almost suspect a See also:

• REMINISCENCE (from Lat. reminisci, to remember)

reminiscence of See also:

• DANTE

Dante " Adont laissames nous le lire." He was thus provided with that essential for soldier, See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight or poet, a See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress—one for whore he could write verses . She was See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and he was poor; she was nobly See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born and he obscure; it was long before she would accept the devotion, even of the conventional kind which Froissart offered her, and which would in no way interfere with the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical business of her life .

And in this hopeless way, the See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young poet remaining the same, and the coldness of the lady being unaltered, the course of this passion ran on for some time . Nor was it until the day of Froissart's departure from his native town that she gave him an interview and spoke kindly to him, even promising, with tears in her eyes, that "Doulce Pensee" would assure him that she would have no joyous day until she should see him again . He was eighteen years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age; he had learned all that he wanted to learn; he possessed the See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse; he had read the slender stock of classical literature accessible; he longed to see the See also:

• WORLD

world . He must already have acquired some distinction, because, on setting out for the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, he was able to take with him letters of recommendation from the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Bohemia and the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau)

Hainaut to See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Philippa, niece of the latter . He was well received by the queen, always ready to welcome her own countrymen; he wrote ballades and virelays for her and her ladies . But after a year he began to See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine for another sight of " la tres See also:

• DOUCE, FRANCIS (1757-1834)

douce, See also:

• SIMPLE

simple, et quoie," whom he loved loyally . See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good Queen Philippa, perceiving his altered looks and guessing the cause, made him confess that he was in love and longed to see his mistress . She gave him his See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone on the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that he was to return . It is clear that the young clerk had already learned to ingratiate himself with princes . The conclusion of his single love See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure is simply and unaffectedly told in his Trettie de l'espinette amoureuse . It was a passion conducted on the well-known lines of conventional love; the pair exchanged violets and See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses, the lady accepted See also:

• BALLADS

ballads; Froissart became either openly or in See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret her recognized See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover, a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of honour, which conferred distinction on her who bestowed it, as well as upon him who received it . But the progress of the amour was rudely interrupted by the arts of " Malebouche," or Calumny .

The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, whatever it was, that Malebouche whispered in the See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear of the lady led to a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete rupture . The damoiselle not only scornfully refused to speak to her lover or acknowledge him, but even seized him by the hair and pulled out a handful . Nor would she ever be reconciled to him again . Years afterwards, when Froissart writes the story of his one love passage, he shows that he still takes delight in the remembrance of her, loves to draw her portrait, and lingers with fondness over the thought of what she once was to him . Perhaps to get healed of his sorrow . Froissart began thosewanderings in which the best See also:

• PART

part of his life was to be consumed . He first visited See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, perhaps to ask for a See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice, perhaps as the See also:

• BEARER

bearer of a See also:

• MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message from the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Cambray to See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope or See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal . It was in the year 136o, and in the pontificate of See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent VI . From the papal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city he seems to have gone to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, perhaps charged with a See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSION

mission . In 1361 he returned to England after an See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of five years . He certainly interpreted his leave of absence in a liberal spirit, and it may have been with a view of averting the displeasure of his kind-hearted See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector that he brought with him as a See also:

• PRESENT

present a book of rhymed chronicles written by himself . He says that notwithstanding his youth, he took upon himself the task "a rimer et a dieter "—which can only mean to " turn into verse "—an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• WARS

wars of his own time, which he carried over to England in a book " tout compile,"—complete to date,—and presented to his See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble mistress Philippa of Hainaut, who joy-fully and gently received it of him .

Such a rhymed chronicle was no new thing . One See also:

• COLIN, ALEXANDRE (1526-1612)

Colin had already turned the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• CRECY (Cressy)

Crecy into verse . The queen made young Froissart one of her secretaries, and he began to serve her with " See also:

• BEAUX, CECILIA (1863– )

beaux ditties et traites amoureux." Froissart would probably have been content to go on living at ease in this congenial See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere of flattery, praise and caresses, pouring out his virelays and chansons according to demand with facile monotony, but for the instigation of Queen Philippa, who seems to have suggested to him the propriety of travelling in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to get See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information for more rhymed chronicles . It was at her charges that Froissart made his first serious See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey . He seems to have travelled a great part of the way alone, or accompanied only by his servants, for he was See also:

• FAIN, AGATHON JEAN FRANCOIS (1778–1837)

fain to beguile the journey by composing an imaginary conversation in verse between his See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and his See also:

• HOUND

hound . This may be found among his published poems, but it does not repay perusal . In See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland he met with a favourable reception, not only from King See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David but from See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas, and from the earls of See also:

• FIFE
• FIFE (Fr. fifre; Med. Ger. Schweizerpfeiff, Feldpfeiff; Ital. ottavino)

Fife, See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar, See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March and others . The souvenirs of this journey are found scattered about in the chronicles . He was evidently much impressed with the Scots; he speaks of the valour of the Douglas, the See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell, the See also:

• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1686-1758)
• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1713-1784)
• RAMSAY, ANDREW MICHAEL (1686-1743)
• RAMSAY, DAVID (1749—1815)
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852– )
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL (185r– )

Ramsay and the See also:

• GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (1831–1899)
• GRAHAM, SIR JAMES ROBERT GEORGE
• GRAHAM, SYLVESTER (1794-1851)
• GRAHAM, THOMAS (1805-1869)

Graham; he describes the hospitality and See also:

• RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude life of the Highlanders; he admires the great castles of See also:

• STIRLING
• STIRLING, JAMES (1692-1770)
• STIRLING, JAMES HUTCHISON (182o-1909)
• STIRLING, MARY ANNE [FANNY] (1815-1895)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, (titular) EARL OF (1726—1783)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, EARL OF (c. 1567-1640)

Stirling and Roxburgh and the famous See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of See also:

• MELROSE

Melrose . His travels in Scotland lasted for six months . Returning southwards he rode along the whole course of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, a thing alone sufficient to show that he possessed the true spirit of an archaeologist; he thought that See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle was Carlyon, and congratulated himself on having found King See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur's See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital; he calls See also:

• WESTMORLAND
• WESTMORLAND, EARLS OF

Westmorland, where the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• PEOPLE

people still spoke the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales; he rode down the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the See also:

• SEVERN
• SEVERN, JOSEPH (1793-1879)

Severn, and returned to See also:

• LONDON

London by way of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford—"l'escole d'Asque-Suffort." In London Froissart entered into the service of King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France as secretary, and See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew daily more courtly, more in favour with princes and great ladies . He probably acquired at this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period that art, in which he has probably never been surpassed, of making people tell him all they knew .

No newspaper correspondent, no See also:

• AMERICAN

American interviewer, has ever equalled this See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• COLLECTOR

collector of intelligence . From Queen Philippa, who confided to him the See also:

• TENDER

tender story of her youthful and lasting love for her, great See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, down to the simplest knight—Froissart conversed with none beneath the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of gentlemen—all See also:

• UNITED

united in telling this man what he wanted to know . He wanted to know everything: he liked the story of a battle from both sides and from many points of view; he wanted the details of every little See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry skirmish, every See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of a castle, every gallant See also:

• ACTION

action and brave See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed . And what was more remarkable, he forgot nothing . " I had," he says, " thanks to God, sense, memory, good remembrance of everything, and an See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect clear and keen to seize upon the acts which I could learn." But as yet he had not begun to write in See also:

• PROSE

prose . At the age of twenty-nine, in 1366, Froissart once more See also:

• LEFT

left England . This time he repaired first to See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, whither were gathered together a great concourse of minstrels from all parts, from the courts of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre and See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, from those of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria and See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick . Hither came all who could " rimer et dieter." What distinction Froissart gained is not stated; but he received a See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of See also:

• MONEY

money, as appears from the accounts: " uni Fritsardo, dictori, qui est cum See also:

• REGINA

regina Angliae, dicto See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die, vi. mottones." After this See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of versifiers, he made his way to See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, where he heard from See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye-witnesses and knights who had actually fought there details of the battles of Cocherel and See also:

• AURAY

Auray, the Great Day of the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty and the heroism of Jeanne de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort . See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor See also:

• HERALD (O. Fr. heraut, herault; the origin is uncertain, but O.H.G. heren, to call, or hariwald, leader of an army, have been proposed; the Gr. equivalent is Kddpvi : Lat. praeco, caduceator, fetialis)

Herald told him something about Auray, and a French knight, one See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine de See also:

• BEAUJEU

Beaujeu, gave him the details of Cocherel . From Brittany he went southwards to See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes, La Rochelle and See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux, where he arrived a few days before the visit of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, afterwards second of that name . He accompanied the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Prince to Dax, and hoped to go on with him into See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, but was despatched to England on a mission . He next formed part of the expedition which escorted Lionel See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CLARENCE, DUKES OF

Clarence to See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, to marry the daughter of Galeazzo See also:

• VISCONTI

Visconti .

See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer was also one of the prince's See also:

• SUITE (Suite de pieces; Ordre; Partita)

suite . At the See also:

• WEDDING

wedding banquet Petrarch was a See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest sitting among the princes . From Milan Froissart, accepting gratefully a cotte hardie with 20 florins of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold, set out upon his travels in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . At See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna, then in decadence, he met See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter king of See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus, from whose follower and See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, Eustache de Conflans, he learned many interesting particulars of the king's exploits . He accompanied Peter as far as See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, where he left him after receiving a gift of 40 ducats . With them and his cotte hardie, still lined we may See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope with the 20 florins, Froissart betook himself to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The city was then at its lowest point: the churches were roofless; there was no pope; there were no pilgrims; there was no splendour; and yet, says Froissart sadly, " Ce furent jadis en Rome Li plus preu et li plus See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

sage homme, Car See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par See also:

• SENS

sens tons See also:

• LES

les arts passerent." It was at Rome that he learned of the See also:

• DEATH

death of his friend King Peter of Cyprus, and, worse still, an irreparable loss to him, that of the good Queen Philippa, of whom he writes, in grateful remembrance " Propices li soit Diex a Fame ! J'en suis bien tenus de pryer Et ses larghesces escuyer, Car elle me fist et crea." Philippa dead, Froissart looked around for a new See also:

• PATRON

patron . Then he hastened back to his owrrcountry and presented himself, with a new book in French, to the duchess of See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant, from whom he received the sum of 16 francs, given in the accounts as paid uni Frissardo dictatori . The use of the word uni does not imply any meanness of position, but is simply an See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to the See also:

• MODERN

modern French sieur . Froissart may also have found a patron in See also:

• YOLANDE [or ISABELLA] OF BRIENNE (1212-1228)

Yolande de See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar, grandmother of King Rene of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou . In any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case he received a substantial gift from some one in the shape of the benefice of Lestines, a village some three or four See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from the town of Binche .

Also, in addition to his cure, he got placed upon the duke of Brabant's See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list, and was entitled to a yearly See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, with some small sum in money . It is clear, from Froissart's own account of himself, that he was by no means a man who would at the age of four or five and thirty be contented to sit down at ease to See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge the duties of See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, to say See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass, to See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

bury the dead, to marry the villagers and to baptize the young . In those days, and in that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, it does not seem that other duties were expected . See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

Preaching was not required, godliness of life,. piety, good See also:

• WORKS

works, and the See also:

• GRACES, THE, (Gr. X&panes, Lat. Gratiae)

graces of a modern ecclesiastic were not looked for . Therefore, when Froissart complains to himself that the taverns of Lestines got 500 francs of his money, we need not at once set him down as either a See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad priest or exceptionally given to drink . The people of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place were greatly addicted to wine; the taverniers de Lestines proverbially sold good wine; the Flemings were proverbially of a joyous disposition " Ceux de Hainaut chantent a pleines See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges." Froissart, the parish priest of courtly See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, no doubt drank with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, and listened if they sang his own, not the coarse country songs . Mostly he preferred the society of See also:

• GERARD (c. 1040-1120)
• GERARD (d. I1o8)
• GERARD, ETIENNE MAURICE, COUNT (1773–1852)
• GERARD, FRANCOIS, BARON (1770-1837)
• GERARD, JEAN IGNACE ISIDORE (1803-1847)
• GERARD, JOHN (1545-1612)
• GERARD, or GIRARD, AUDRAN

Gerard d'Obies, See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost of Binche, and the little circle of knights within that town . Or—for it was not See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent on him to be always in See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence— he repaired to the court of Coudenberg, and became " See also:

• MOULT

moult See also:

• FRERE, JOHN HOOKHAM (1769-1846)
• FRERE, PIERRE EDOUARD (1819-1886)
• FRERE, SIR HENRY BARTLE EDWARD (1815-1884)

frere et accointe " with the duke of Brabant . And then came Gui de See also:

• BLOIS

Blois, one of King John's hostages in London in the old days . He had been fighting in See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia with the See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic knights, and now, a little tired of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, proposed to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle down for a time in his castle of Beaumont . This prince was a member of the great house of See also:

• CHATILLON

Chatillon . He was count of Blois, of See also:

• SOISSONS

Soissons and of Chimay .

He had now, about the year 1374, an excellent reputation as a good See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain . In him Froissart, who hastened to resume acquaintance, found a new patron . More than that, it was this sire de Beaumont, in emulation of his grandfather, the patron of See also:

• JEAN

Jean le See also:

• BEL

Bel, who advised Froissart seriously to take in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand the history of his own time . Froissart was then in his thirty-See also:

• SIXTH

sixth year . For twenty years he had been rhyming, for eighteen he had been making verses for queens and ladies . Yet during all this time he had been accumulating in his retentive See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain the materials for his future See also:

• WORK

work . He began by editing, so to speak, that is, by rewriting with additions, the work of Jean le Bel; Gui de Blois, among others, supplied him with additional information . His own notes, taken from information obtained in his travels, gave him more details, and when in 1374 Gui married See also:

• MARIE

Marie de See also:

• NAMUR
• NAMUR (Flemish, Namen)

Namur, Froissart found in the See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride's See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Namur, one who had himself largely shared in the events which he had to relate . He, for instance, is the authority for the story of the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• CALAIS

Calais and the six burgesses . Provided with these materials, Froissart remained at Lestines, or at Beaumont, arranging and See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing his chronicles . During this period, too, he composed his Espinette amoureuse, and the Joli See also:

• BUISSON, FERDINAND (1841– )

Buisson de jonesce, and his romance of Meliador . He also became See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain to the count of Blois, and obtained a canonry of Chimay .

After this See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment we hear nothing more of Lestines, which he probably resigned . In these quiet pursuits he passed twelve years, years of which we hear nothing, probably because there was nothing to tell . In 1386 his travels began again, when he accompanied Gui to his castle at Blois, in order to celebrate the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of his son See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis de See also:

• DUNOIS, JEAN, COUNT OF (1403-1468)

Dunois with Marie de See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

Berry . He wrote a pastourelle in honour of the event . Then he attached himself for a few days to the duke of Berry, from whom he learned certain particulars of current events, and then, becoming aware of what promised to be the most mighty feat of arms of his time, he hastened to See also:

• SLUYS, BATTLE OF

Sluys in order to be on the spot . At this See also:

• PORT

port the French were See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting an enormous See also:

• FLEET

fleet, and making preparations of the greatest magnitude in order to repeat the invasion of William the Conqueror . They were tired of being invaded by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English and wished to turn the tables . The talk was all of conquering the country and dividing it among the knights, as had been done by the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans . It is not clear whether Froissart intended to go over with the invaders; but as his sympathies are ever with the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side where he happens to be, he exhausts himself in admiration of this See also:

• GRAND

grand gathering of See also:

• SHIPS

ships and men . " Any one," he says, " who had a See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever would have been cured of his malady merely by going to look at the fleet." But the delays of the duke of Berry; and the arrival of bad See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, spoiled everything . There was no invasion of England . In See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders Froissart met many knights who had fought at Rosebeque, and could tell him of the troubles which in a few years desolated that country, once so prosperous .

He set himself to ascertain the history with as much accuracy as the comparison of various accounts by eye-witnesses and actors would allow . He stayed at See also:

• GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent, among those ruined merchants and See also:

• MECHANICS

mechanics, for whom, as one of the same class, he See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt a sympathy never extended to English or French, perhaps quite as unfortunate, and he devotes no fewer than 300 chapters to the Flemish troubles, an amount out of all proportion to the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative importance of the events . This portion of the chronicle was written at Valenciennes . During this residence in his birthplace his verses were crowned at the " puys d'amour " of Valenciennes. and Tournay . This part of his work finished, he considered what to do next . There was small See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance of anything important happening in See also:

• PICARDY (La Picardie)

Picardy or Hainault, and he determined on making a journey to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of France in order to learn something new . He was then fifty-one years of age, and being still, as he tells us, in his See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime, " of an age, strength, and limbs able to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear fatigue," he set out as eager to see new places as when, 33 years before, he rode through Scotland and marvelled at the bravery of the Douglas . What he had, in addition to strength, good memory and good See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, was a manner singularly pleasing and great personal force of character . This he does not tell us, but it comes out abundantly in his writings; and, which he does tell us, he took a singular delight in his book . " The more I work at it," he says, " the better am I pleased with it." On this occasion he rode first to Blois; on the way he fell in with two knights who told him of the disasters of the English See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in Spain; one of them