See also:

• MARCUS

MARCUS See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

CORNELIUS See also:

• MARCUS CORNELIUS FRONTO (c. A.D. 100–170)

FRONTO (c. A.D. 100–170)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman grammarian, rhetorician and See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• FAMILY

family at See also:

• CIRTA (mod. Constantine, q.v.)

Cirta in See also:

• NUMIDIA

Numidia . He came to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in the reign of See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian, and soon gained such renown as an advocate and orator as to be reckoned inferior only to See also:

• CICERO

Cicero . He amassed a large See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, erected magnificent buildings and See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased the famous gardens of See also:

• MAECENAS, GAIUS (CILNIUS)

Maecenas . See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus See also:

• PIUS

Pius, See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of his fame, appointed him See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to his adopted sons See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus Aurelius and See also:

• LUCIUS

Lucius Verus . In 143 he was See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul for two months, but declined the proconsulship of See also:

• ASIA

Asia on the ground of See also:

• ILL

ill-See also:

• HEALTH

health . His latter years were embittered by the loss of all his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children except one daughter . His talents as an orator and rhetorician were greatly admired by his contemporaries, a number of whom formed themselves into a school called after him Frontoniani, whose avowed See also:

• OBJECT

object it was to restore the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient purity and simplicity of the Latin See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the exaggerations of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek sophistical school . However praiseworthy the intention may have been, the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of authors specially recommendeddoes not speak well for See also:

• FRONTO, MARCUS CORNELIUS (c. A.D. 100–170)

Fronto's See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . The authors of the Augustan See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age are unduly depreciated, while See also:

• ENNIUS, QUINTUS (239-170 B.c.)

Ennius, See also:

• PLAUTUS, TITUS MACCIUS (originally perhaps MACCUS; cf. Asin. Prol. 11)

Plautus, See also:

• LABERIUS, DECIMUS (c. 105–43 B.C.)

Laberius, See also:

• SALLUST [Gams SALLUSTIUS CRlspus] (86–34 B.c.)

Sallust are held up as See also:

• MODELS

models of See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation . Till 1815 the only extant See also:

• WORKS

works ascribed (erroneously) to Fronto were two grammatical See also:

• TREATISES

treatises, De nominum verborumque differentiis and Exempla elocutionum (the last being really by Arusianus Messius) . In that See also:

• YEAR

year, however, Angelo See also:

• MAI, ANGELO (1782—1854)

Mai discovered in the Ambrosian library at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan a See also:

• PALIMPSEST

palimpsest See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript (and, later, some additional sheets of it in the Vatican), on which had been originally written some of Fronto's letters to his royal pupils and their replies . These palimpsests had originally belonged to the famous See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of St See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba at See also:

• BOBBIO

Bobbio, and had been written over by the monks with the acts of the first See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• CHALCEDON
• CHALCEDON, COUNCIL OF

Chalcedon .

The letters, together with the other fragments in the palimpsest, were published at Rome in 1823 . Their contents falls far See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short of the writer's See also:

• GREAT

great reputation . The letters consist of See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, in which the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Fronto's pupils appears in a very favourable See also:

• LIGHT

light, especially in the See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection they both seem to have retained for their old See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master; and letters to See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, chiefly letters of recommendation . The collection also contains treatises on eloquence, some See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical fragments, and literary trifles on such subjects as the praise of See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke and dust, of See also:

• NEGLIGENCE (Lat. negligentia, from negligere, to neglect, literally " not to pick up ")

negligence, and a dissertation on See also:

• ARLON

Arlon . " His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is a laborious mixture of archaisms, a See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley See also:

• CENTO
• CENTO (Gr. idvrpwv, Lat. cento, patchwork)

cento, with the aid of which he conceals the poverty of his knowledge and ideas." His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief merit consists in having preserved extracts from ancient writers which would otherwise have been lost . The best edition of his works is by S . A . Naber (1867), with an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the palimpsest; see also G . See also:

• BOISSIER, MARIE LOUIS ANTOINE GASTON (1823—1908)

Boissier, " Marc-Aurele et See also:

• LES

les lettres de F.," in Revue See also:

• DES

des deux mondes (See also:

• APRIL

April 1868) ; R . See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis, in See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of See also:

• PHILOLOGY

Philology (1868) and Correspondence of Fronto and M . Aurelius (1904); and the full bibliography in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by Brzoska in the new edition of Pauly's Realencyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, iv. pt. i . (1900) .