WILLIAM

See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• WILLIAM FULLER (1670--c. 1717)

FULLER (1670--c. 1717)  , English impostor, was born at Milton in Kent on the loth of September 1670 . His paternity is doubtful, but he was related to the family of Herbert . After 1688 he served James II.'s queen, Mary of Modena, and the Jacobites, seeking at the same time to gain favour with William III.; and after associating with Titus Oates, being imprisoned for debt and pretending to reveal Jacobite plots, the House of Commons in 1692 declared he was an " imposter, cheat and false accuser." Having stood in the pillory he was again imprisoned until 1695, when he was released; and at this time he took the opportunity to revive the old and familiar story that Mary of Modena was not the mother of the prince of Wales . In 1701 he published his autobiographical Life of William Fuller and some Original Letters of the late King James . Unable to prove the assertions made in his writings he was put in the pillory, whipped and fined . He died, probably in prison, about 1717 . Fuller's other writings are Mr William Fuller's trip to Bridewell, with a full account of his barbarous usage in the pillory; The sincere and hearty confession of Mr William Fuller (1704); and An humble appeal to the impartial judgment of all parties in Great Britain (1716) . He must be distinguished from WILLIAM FULLER (1608-1675), dean of St Patrick's (166o), bishop of Limerick (1663), and bishop of Lincoln (1667), the friend of Samuel Pepys; and also from William Fuller (c . 1580-1659), dean of Ely and later dean of Durham . FULLER'S EARTH (Ger . Walkererde, Fr. terre d foulon, argile smectique)—so named from its use by fullers as an absorbent of the grease and oil of cloth,—a clay-like substance, which from its variability is somewhat difficult to define . In colour it is most often greenish, olive-green or greenish-grey; on weathering it changes to a brown tint or it may bleach .

As a

rule it falls to pieces when placed in water and is not markedly plastic; when dry it adheres strongly to the tongue; since, however, these properties are possessed by many clays that do not exhibit detergent qualities, the only test of value lies in the capacity to absorb grease or clarify oil . Fuller's earth has a specific gravity of 1.7–2.4, and a shining streak; it is usually unctuous to the touch . Microscopically, it consists of minute irregular-shaped particles of a mineral that appears to be the result of a chloritic or talcose alteration of a felspar . The small size of most of the grains, less than •07 mm., makes their determination almost impossible . Chemical analysis shows that the peculiar properties of this earth are due to its physical rather than its chemical nature . The following analyses of the weathered and unweathered condition of the earth from Nutfield, Surrey, represent the composition of one of the best known varieties: Blue Earth (dried at loo° C.).Yellow Earth (dried at Iota° C.) . Insoluble residue . 69.96 Insoluble residue Fe2O3 . . .. 2.48 SiO2 . . . 62.81 Al2O3 .

. 3.46 Al203 . . 3.46 CaO . 5.87 Fe203 . I.30 MgO . . . 1.41 CaO . . 1.53 P2O6 .. . 0.27 MgO . o.86 SO3 .. . 0.05 NaCl ..