JOHANN See also:

• JOHANN FUST ( ?-1466)

FUST ( ?-1466)  , See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German printer, belonged to a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and respectable burgher See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, which is known to have flourished from 1423, and to have held many See also:

• CIVIL

civil and religious offices . The name was always written See also:

• FUST, JOHANN ( ?-1466)

Fust, but in 1506 Johann Schoffer, in dedicating the German See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian, called his grandfather See also:

• FAUST, or FAUSTUS

Faust, and thenceforward the family assumed this name, and the Fausts of See also:

• ASCHAFFENBURG

Aschaffenburg, an old and quite distinct family, placed Johann Fust in their See also:

• PEDIGREE

pedigree . Johann's See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob, a See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

goldsmith, was one of the burgomasters in 1462, when Mainz was stormed and sacked by the troops of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Adolf of See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau, on which occasion he seems to have perished (see a document, dated May 8,"1463, published by Wyss in Quartalbl. See also:

• DES

des hist . Vereins Pr Hessen, 1879, p . 24) . There is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that, as is commonly asserted, Johann Fust was a goldsmith, but he appears to have been a See also:

• MONEY

money-lender or banker . On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his connexion with See also:

• GUTENBERG, JOHANN (c. 1398–1468)

Gutenberg (q.v.), he has been represented by some as the inventor of See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing, and the instructor as well as the partner of Gutenberg, by others as his See also:

• PATRON

patron and benefactor, who saw the value of his See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery and supplied him with means to carry it out, whereas others paint him as a greedy and crafty speculator, who took See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of Gutenberg's See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity and robbed him of the fruits of his invention . However this may be, the Helmasperger document of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 6, 1455, shows that Fust advanced money to Gutenberg (apparently 800 guilders in 1450, and another 800 in 1452) for carrying on his See also:

• WORK

work, and that Fust, in 1455, brought a suit against Gutenberg to recover the money he had See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent, claiming 2020 (more correctly 2026) guilders for See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal and See also:

• INTEREST

interest . It appears that he had not paid in the 300 guilders a See also:

• YEAR

year which he had undertaken to furnish for expenses, See also:

• WAGES (the plural of " wage," from Late Lat. wadium, a pledge, O. Fr. wagier, gagier)

wages, &c., and, according to Gutenberg, had said that he had no intention of claiming interest . The suit was apparently decided in Fust's favour, November 6, 1455, in the See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory of the Barefooted Friars of Mainz, when Fust made See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath that he himself had borrowed 1550 guilders and given them to Gutenberg . There is no evidence that Fust, as is usually supposed, removed the portion of the printing materials covered by his See also:

• MORTGAGE

mortgage to his own See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and carried on printing there with the aid of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Schoffer, of Gernsheim (who is known to have been a scriptor at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1449), to whom, probably about 1455,1 he gave his only daughter Dyna or See also:

• CHRISTINA (1626–1689)
• CHRISTINA [MARIA CHRISTINA HENRIETTA DESIREE FELICITE RENIERE]

Christina in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . Their first publication was the Psalter, See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 14, 1457, a See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio of 350 pages, the first printed See also:

• BOOK

book with a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete date, and remarkable for the beauty of the large See also:

• INITIALS (Lat. initialis, of or belonging to a beginning, initium)

initials printed each in two See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours, red and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, from types made in two pieces.' The Psalter was reprinted with the same types, 1459 (August 29), 1490, 1502 (Schoffer's last publication) and 1516 .

Fust and Schoffer's other See also:

• WORKS

works are given below .3 In 1464 Adolf ' This date is uncertain; some See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the marriage in 1453 or soon after, others about 1464 . It is probable that Fust alluded to this relationship when he spoke of Schafer as pueri mei in the colophons of See also:

• CICERO

Cicero's De officiis of 1465 and 1466 . 2 This method was patented in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England by See also:

• SOLOMON, ODES OF
• SOLOMON, PSALMS OF

Solomon See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry in 1783, and by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CONGREVE, RICHARD (1818-1899)
• CONGREVE, SIR WILLIAM
• CONGREVE, WILLIAM (167o-1729)

Congreve in 1819 . 2 (3) Durandus, Rationale divinorum officiorum (1459), folio, 16o leaves; (4) the Clementine Constitutions, with the See also:

• GLOSS, GLOSSARY

gloss of Johannes Andreae (1460), 51 leaves; (5) Biblia Sacra See also:

• LATINA, VIA

Latina (1462), folio, 2 vols., 242 and 239 leaves, 48 lines to a full See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page; (6) the See also:

• SIXTH

Sixth Book of See also:

• DECRETALS (Epistolae decretales)

Decretals, with Andreae's gloss, 17th See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1465, folio, 141 leaves; (7) Cicero, De officiis (1465), 4t0, 88 leaves, the first of Nassau appointed for the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish of St Quintin three Baumeisters (See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master-builders) who were to choose twelve See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief parishioners as assistants for See also:

• LIFE

life . One of the first of these " Vervaren," who were named on May-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day 1464, was Johannes Fust, and in 1467 See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam von See also:

• HOCHHEIM

Hochheim was chosen instead of " the See also:

• LATE

late " (selig) Johannes Fust . Fust is said to have gone to Paris in 1466 and to have died of the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague, which raged there in August and See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September . He certainly was in Paris on the 4th of See also:

• JULY

July, when he gave See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis de Lavernade of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Forez, then See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon and first See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse, a copy of his second edition of Cicero, as appears from a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note in Lavernade's own See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand at the end of the book, which is now in the library of See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva . But nothing further is known than that on the 3oth of See also:

• OCTOBER

October, probably in 1471, an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass was instituted for him by Peter Schoffer, See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad Henlif (for Henekes, or Henckis, Schoffer's partner ? who married Fust's widow about 14681) and Johann Fust (the son), in the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey-See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor of Paris, where he was buried; and that Peter Schoffer founded a similar memorial service for Fust in 1473 in the church of the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans at Mainz (Bockenheimer, Gesch. der Stadt Mainz, iv . 15) . Fust was formerly often confused with the famous magician Dr Johann Faust, who, though an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical figure, had nothing to do with him (see FAUST) . See further the articles GUTENBERG and See also:

• TYPOGRAPHY (i.e. writing by types)

TYPOGRAPHY . (J .

H .