JOHANN See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• JOHANN JOSEPH FUX (1660-174.1)

FUX (1660-174.1)  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian musician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Hirtenfeld (See also:

• STYRIA (German, Steiermark or Steyermark)

Styria) in 166o . Of his youth and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early training nothing is known . In 1696 he was organist at one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal churches of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, and in 1698 was appointed by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold I. as his " imperial See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-composer," with a See also:

• SALARY

salary of about a6 a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month . At the court of Leopold and of his successors See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph I. and See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI., See also:

• FUX, JOHANN JOSEPH (1660-174.1)

Fux remained for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life . To his various court dignities that of organist at St See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral was added in 1704 . He married the daughter of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government secretary Schnitzbaum . As a See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the high favour in which he was held by the See also:

• ART

art-loving Charles VI., it is told that at the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation of that emperor as See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Bohemia in 1723 an See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera, La Constanza e la Fortezza, especially composed by Fux for the occasion, was given at See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague in an open-See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre . Fux at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was suffering from See also:

• GOUT

gout, but the emperor had him carried in a See also:

• LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

litter all the way from Vienna, and gave him a seat in the imperial See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box . Fux died at Vienna on the 13th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1741 . His life, although passed in the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• WORLD

world, was eventless, and his onlytroubles arose from the intrigues of his See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian rivals at court . Of the numerous operas which Fux wrote it is unnecessary to speak . They do not essentially differ from the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of the Italian opera seria of the time .

Of greater importance are his sacred compositions, See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

psalms, motets, oratorios and masses, the celebrated Missa Canonica amongst the latter . It is an all but unparalleled tour de force of learned musicianship, being written entirely in that most difficult of contrapuntal devices—the See also:

• CANON

canon . As a contrapuntist and musical See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar generally, Fux was unsurpassed by any of his contemporaries, and his great theoretical See also:

• WORK

work, the See also:

• GRADUS, or GRADUS AD PARNASSUM (a step to Parnassus)

Gradus ad Parnassum, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long remained by far the most thorough treatment of See also:

• COUNTER

counter-point and its various developments . The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Latin edition is Gradus ad Parnassum sive manuductio ad compositionem musicae regularem, methoda nova ac certa nondum ante See also:

• TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR (1100-1171)

tam exacta ordine in lucem edita, elaborata a Joanne Josepho Fux (Vienna, 1715) . It was translated into most See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages during the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and is still studied by musicians interested in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of their art . The expenses of the publication were defrayed by the emperor Charles VI . Fux's See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography was published by See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig von See also:

• MICHEL
• MICHEL, CLAUDE
• MICHEL, FRANCISQUE XAVIER (1809-1887)

Michel (Vienna, 1871) . It is based on See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute original See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research and contains, amongst other valuable materials, a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of the composer's numerous See also:

• WORKS

works .