See also:

• GAETANI, or CAETANI

GAETANI, or CAETANI  , the name of the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman princely families which played a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and of the papacy . The See also:

• GAETANI, or CAETANI

Gaetani are of Longobard origin, and the founder of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house is said to be one See also:

• DOMINUS (from an Indo-European root dam-, cf. Gr. Sapav, to subdue, and Eng. " tame ")

Dominus See also:

• CONSTANTINUS

Constantinus Cagetanus, who flourished in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but the See also:

• FAMILY

family had no great importance until the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of Benedetto Gaetani to the papacy as See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface VIII. in 1294, when they at once became the most notable in the city . The See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope conferred on them the fiefs of Sermoneta, Bassiano, Ninfa and See also:

• SAN

San Donato (1297—1300) , and the marquisate of See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona in 1300, while See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II. of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou created the pope's See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• CASERTA

Caserta . See also:

• GIORDANO, LUCA (1632–1705)

Giordano Loffredo Gaetani by his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Giovanna dell' See also:

• AQUILA
• AQUILA ('AxdXas), (1)
• AQUILA, CASPAR [KASPAR ADLER] (1488-1560)
• AQUILA, SERAFINO

Aquila, heiress of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of See also:

• FONDI (anc. Fundi)

Fondi and Traetto, in 1297 added the name of Aquila to his own, and his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson Giacomo acquired the lordships of Piedimonte and Gioia . The Gaetani x1.13proved brave warriors and formed a bodyguard to protect Boniface VIII. from his many foes . During the 14th and 15th centuries their feuds with the See also:

• COLONNA
• COLONNA, GIOVANNI PAOLO (circa 1637—1695)
• COLONNA, VITTORIA (1490-1547)

Colonna caused frequent disturbances in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and the Campagna, sometimes amounting to See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . They also played an important role as Neapolitan nobles . In 1500 See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander VI., in his See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to crush the great Roman feudal See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility, confiscated the Gaetani fiefs and gave them to his daughter Lucrezia See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• BORGIA, FRANCIS (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

Borgia (q.v.); but they afterwards regained them . At See also:

• PRESENT

present there are two lines of Gaetani: (1) Gaetani, princes of See also:

• TEANO (anc. Teanum Sidicinum)

Teano and See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Sermoneta, founded by Giacobello Gaetani, whose grandson, Guglielmo Gaetani, was granted the duchy of Sermoneta by See also:

• PIUS

Pius III. in 1503, the marquisate of Cisterna being conferred on the family by See also:

• SIXTUS

Sixtus V. in 1585• In 1642, See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

Francesco, the 7th See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Sermoneta, acquired by marriage the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Caserta, which was exchanged for the principality of Teano in 1750 . The present See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the house, Onorato Gaetani, 14th duke of Sermoneta, 4th See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Teano, duke of San Marco, See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of Cisterna, &c., is a senator of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and was See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . (2) Gaetani dell' Aquila d'Aragona, princes of Piedimonte, and dukes of Laurenzana, founded by Onorato Gaetani dell' Aquila, count of Fondi, Traetto, Alife and Morcone, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of Piedimonte and Gioia, in 1454 . The additional surname of Aragona was assumed after the marriage of Onorato Gaetani, duke of Traetto (d .

1529), with Lucrezia of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, natural daughter of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand I. of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . The duchy of Laurenzana, in the kingdom of Naples, was acquired by Alfonso Gaetani by his marriage in 1606 with Giulia di Ruggiero, duchess of Laurenzana . The lordship of Piedimonte was raised to a principality in 1715 . The present (1908) head of the house is Nicola Gaetani dell' Aquila d'Aragona (b . 1857), 7th prince of Piedimonte and 12th duke of Laurenzana . See A. von See also:

• REUMONT, ALFRED VON (1808-1887)

Reumont, Geschichte der Stadt Rom (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1868) ; F . See also:

• GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND (1821-1891)

Gregorovius, Geschichte der Stadt Rom (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1872) ; Almanach de See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha (1907 and 1908) .