GALES (mod.

See also:

• CALVI

Calvi)  , an ancient city of Campania, belonging originally to the Aurunci, on the Via Latina, 8 m . N.N.W. of Casilinum . It was taken by the Romans in 335 B.C., and, a .:olony with Latin rights of 2500 citizens having been established there, it was for a long time the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania, and the seat of the quaestor for southern Italy even down to the days of Tacitus ? It was an important base in the war against Hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war . Before 184 more settlers were sent there . After the Social War it became a municipium . The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery, which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous . At the end of the 3rd century it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Teano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village . The cathedral, of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in marble mosaic . Near it are two grottos I To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the legend Caleno.which have been used for Christian worship and contain frescoes of the loth and 1th centuries (E . Bertaux, L'Art clans l'Italie meridionale (Paris, 1904), i . 244, &c.) .

Inscriptions name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains of antiquity, especially of an amphitheatre and theatre, of a supposed temple, and other edifices . A number of tombs belonging to the Roman -necropolis were discovered in 1883 . See C . Hiilsen in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, iii . 1351 (Stuttgart, 1899) . (T .