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THOMAS HOPKINS GALLAUDET (1787–1851)

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 416 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMAS HOPKINS GALLAUDET (1787–1851)  ,
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American educator of the
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deaf and dumb, was born in
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of French Huguenot ancestry, on the loth of December 1787 . He graduated at Yale in 1805, where he was a tutor from r8o8 to 181o . Subsequently he studied
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theology at
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Andover, and was licensed to preach in 1814, but having determined to abandon the
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ministry and devote his
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life to the
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education of deaf- mutes, he visited
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Europe in 1815–1816, and studied the methods of the abbe
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Sicard in Paris, and of Thomas Braidwood (1715–1806) and his successor Joseph Watson (1765–1829) in
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Great Britain . Returning to the
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United States in 1816, he established at
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Hartford,
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Connecticut, with the aid of Laurent Clerc (1785-1869), a deaf mute assistant of the abbe Sicard, a school for deaf mutes, in support of which Congress, largely through the influence of Henry Clay, made a
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land grant, and which Gallaudet presided over with great success until
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ill-
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health compelled him to retire in 1830 . It was the first institution of the sort in the United States, and served as a model for institutions which were subsequently established . He died at Hartford, Connecticut, on the 5th of September 1851 . There are three accounts of his life, one by Henry Barnard, Life, Character and Services of the Rev . Thomas H . Gallaudet (Hartford, 1852); another by Herman Humphrey (Hartford, 1858), and a third (and the best one) by his son
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Edward Miner Gallaudet (1888) . His son, TxoMAS GALLAUDET (1822-1902), after graduating at Trinity College in 1842, entered the
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Protestant Episcopal ministry, settled in New York City, and there in 1852 organized St Anne's Episcopal church, where he conducted services for deaf mutes . In 1872 he organized and became general manager of the Church
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mission to deaf mutes, and in 1885 founded the Gallaudet home for deaf mutes, particularly the aged, at Wappingers Falls, near
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Poughkeepsie, New York . Another son, EDWARD MINER GALLAUDET (b .

1837), was born at Hartford, Connecticut, on the 3rd of

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February 1837, and graduated at Trinity College in x856 . After teaching for a
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year in the institution for deaf mutes founded by his
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father at Hartford, he removed with his
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mother, Sophia Fowler Gallaudet (1798–187 7), to Washington, D.C., where at the request of Amos Kendall (1789-1869), its founder, he organized and took charge of the
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Columbia Institution for the deaf and dumb, which received support from the government, and of which he became president . This institution was the first to furnish actual collegiate education for deaf mutes (in 1864 it acquired the right to grant degrees), and was successful from the start . The Gallaudet College (founded in 1864 as the
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National Deaf Mute College and renamed in 1893 in honour of Thomas H . Gallaudet) and the Kendall School are
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separate departments of this institution, under
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independent faculties (each headed by Gallaudet), but under the management of one board of
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directors .

End of Article: THOMAS HOPKINS GALLAUDET (1787–1851)
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