See also:

• MARQUIS

MARQUIS DE GASTON See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

ALEXANDRE AUGUSTE See also:

• MARQUIS DE GASTON ALEXANDRE AUGUSTE GALLIFFET

GALLIFFET  , See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince de Martignes (1830-1909), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 23rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 183o . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1848, was commissioned as sub-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in 1853, and served with distinction at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• SEVASTOPOL, or SEBASTOPOL

Sevastopol in 1855, in the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1859, and in See also:

• ALGERIA
• ALGERIA (Algerie)

Algeria in 186o, after which for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he served on the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon III . Hedisplayed See also:

• GREAT

great gallantry as a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain at the siege and See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm of See also:

• PUEBLA
• PUEBLA (full title La Puebla de los Angeles, and more recently, Puebla de Zaragoza)

Puebla, in See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, in 1863, when he was severely wounded, When he returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to recover from his wounds he was entrusted with the task of presenting the captured See also:

• STANDARDS

standards and See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours to the emperor, and was promoted chef d'escadrons . He went again to Algeria in 1864, took See also:

• PART

part in expeditions against the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs, returned to Mexico as lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel, and, after winning further distinction, became in 1867 colonel of the 3rd Chasseurs d'Afrique . In the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 187o–71 he commanded this See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment in the army of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, until promoted to be general of See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade on the 3oth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August . At the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• SEDAN

Sedan he led the brigade of Chasseurs d'Afrique in the heroic See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of General See also:

• MARGUERITTE, PAUL (186o— )

Margueritte's See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, which extorted the admiration of the old See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . Made prisoner of war at the See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation, he returned to France during the siege of Paris by the French army of See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles, and commanded a brigade against the Communists . In the suppression of the See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

Commune he did his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty rigorously and inflexibly, and on that ground earned a reputation for severity, which, throughout his later career, and in all his efforts to improve the French army, made him the See also:

• OBJECT

object of unceasing attacks in the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press and the chamber of deputies . In 1872 he took command of the Batna subdivision of Algeria, and commanded an expedition against El Golea, surmounting great difficulties in a rapid See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march across the See also:

• DESERT

desert, and inflicting severe chastisement on the revolted tribes . On the general reorganization of the army he commanded the 31st See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry brigade . Promoted general of division in 1875, he successively commanded the 15th infantry division at See also:

• DIJON

Dijon, the IX. army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps at See also:

• TOURS

Tours, and in 1882 the XII. army corps at See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges . In 1885 he became a member of the Conseil Sup6rieur de la Guerre .

He conducted the cavalry manoeuvres in successive years, and attained a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European reputation on all cavalry questions, and, indeed, as an army See also:

• COMMANDER

commander . Decorated with the See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• CROSS

cross of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour in 1887, he received the military See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal for his able conduct of the autumn manceuvres in 1891, and after again commanding at the manceuvres of 1894 he retired from the active See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list . Afterwards he took an important part in French politics, as war See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister (22nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1899 to 29th of May 'goo) in M . Waldeck-See also:

• ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE (1671-1741)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES (1712-1778)
• ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. At first he received a business training, but soon displayed aptitu

Rousseau's See also:

• CABINET

cabinet, and distinguished himself by the firmness with which he dealt with cases of unrest in the army, but he then retired into private See also:

• LIFE

life, and died on the 8th of See also:

• JULY

July 1909 .