GALLIPOLI (anc. Callipolis)  , a seaport town and episcopal see of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Lecce, 31 m . S. by W. of it by rail, 46 ft. above sea-level . Pop . (1901) town, 10,399; commune, 13,459 . It is situated on a rocky island in the Gulf of Taranto; but is united to the mainland by a bridge, protected by a castle constructed by Charles I. of Anjou . The other fortifications have been removed . The handsome cathedral dates from 1629 . The town was once famous for its exports of olive-oil, which was stored, until it clarified, in cisterns cut in the, rock . This still continues, but to a less extent; the export of wine, however, is increasing, and fruit is also exported . The ancient Callipolis was obviously of Greek origin, as its name (" beautiful city ") shows . It is hardly mentioned in ancient times . Pliny tells us that in his time it was known as Anxa .

It

lay a little off the road from Tarentum to Hydruntum, but was reached by a branch from Aletium (the site is marked by the modern church of S . Maria della Lizza)., among the ruins of which many Alessapian inscriptions, but no Latin ones, have been found . (T .