GANDHARVA  , in See also:

• HINDU

Hindu See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, the See also:

• TERM

term used to denote (I) in the Rig-Veda usually a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor deity; (2) in later writings a class of divine beings . As a unity Gandharva has no See also:

• SPECIAL

special attributes but many duties, and is in See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close relation with the See also:

• GREAT

great I gods . Thus he is director of the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun's horses; he is See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of this See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale of four notes, G, A, b B, C, were subsequently added a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note below and a note above, which made the hexachord with the semitone between the 3rd and 4th both up and down, as F, G, A, 5 B, C, D . It was at a much later date that the 7th, our leading note, was admitted into a See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key, and for this the first two letters of the last See also:

• LINE

line of the above-named hymn, " Sanctus Johannes," would have been used, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save for the notion that as the note Mi was at a semitone below Fa, the same vowel should be heard at a semitone below the upper Ut, and the syllable Si was substituted for Sa . See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long afterwards the syllable Ut was replaced by Do in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, but it is still retained in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; and in these two countries, with whatever others employ their nomenclature, the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Ut and the substituted Do stand for the See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound defined by the See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter C in See also:

• ENGLISH

English and See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German terminology . The literal musical See also:

• ALPHABET (see also WRITING)

alphabet thus accords with the syllabic: La, Si, Ut or Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol . In See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany a remnant of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek use survives . A was originally followed in the scale by the semitone above, as the classical See also:

• MESA (Span. mesa, from Lat. mensa, a table)

Mesa was followed by Paramese, and this note, namely 5B, is still called B in German, English B (See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian Si) being represented by the letter H . The See also:

• GAMUT (from the Greek letter gamma, used as a musical symbol, and ut, the first syllable of the medieval hymn Sanctus Johannes)

gamut which, whenever instituted, did not pass out of use until the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, regarded the hexachord and not the octachord, employed both letters and syllables, made the former invariable while changing the latter according to key relationship, and acknowledged only the three keys of G, C and F; it took its name from having the Greek letter See also:

• GAMMA

gamma with Ut for its lowest keynote, though the Latin letters with the corresponding syllables were applied to all the other notes . See also:

• SOMA (Sanskrit for " pressed juice," from the root su, to press)

soma, the sacred liquor, and therefore is regarded as the heavenly physician, soma being a See also:

• PANACEA (Gr. lravaKeia, all-healing, from was, all, and aueioOae, to heal)

panacea . He is servant of See also:

• AGNI

Agni the See also:

• GOD

god of See also:

• LIGHT

light and of See also:

• VARUNA

Varuna the divine See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge . He is omnipresent: in the heavens, in the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air and in the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters .

He is the keeper of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven's secrets and acts as messenger between gods and men . He is gorgeously clothed and carries shining weapons . For wife he has the spirit of the clouds and waters, See also:

• APSARAS

Apsaras, and by her became See also:

• FATHER

father of the first mortals, See also:

• YAMA (Sanskrit " twin," in allusion to his being twin with his sister Yami, traditionally the first human pair)

Yama and Yami . He is the tutelary deity of See also:

• WOMEN

women and presides over See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage ceremonies . In their collective capacity the Gandharva See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share the duties allotted to the single deity . They live in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• INDRA

Indra and with their wives, the Apsaras, beguile the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by singing, acting and dancing . Sometimes they are represented as numbering twelve, sometimes twenty-seven, or they are innumerable . In Hindu See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law a Gandharva marriage is one contracted by mutual consent and without formality .