GANDO  , a sultanate of

British West Africa, included in the protectorate of Nigeria, situated on the left bank of the Niger above Borgu . The sultanate was established, c.1819, on the death of Othman Dan Fodio, the founder of the Fula empire, and its area and importance varied considerably during the 19th century, several of the Fula emirates being regarded as tributaries, while Gando itself was more or less dependent on Sokoto . Gando in the middle of the century included both banks of the Niger at least as far N.W. as Say . The districts outside the British protectorate now belong to France . Since 1884 Gando has been in treaty relations with the British, and in 1903 the part assigned to the British sphere by agreement with France came definitely under the control of the administration in Nigeria . Gando now forms the sub-province of the double province of Sokoto . The emir was appointed under British authority after the conquest of Sokoto in 1903 . Since that date the province has been organized for administration on the same system as the rest of the protectorate of Northern Nigeria . Provincial and native courts of justice have been established, roads have been opened, the slave trade has been abolished, and the country assessed under the new scheme for taxation . British garrisons are stationed at Jegga and Ambrusa . The chief town is Gando, situated on the Sokoto, the first considerable affluent of the Niger from the east, about 6o m . S.W. of the town of Sokoto .