See also:

• GAON (Heb. for " Excellency," plural Geonim)

GAON (Heb. for " See also:

• EXCELLENCY (Lat. excellentia, excellence)

Excellency," plural Geonim)  , the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title given to the heads of the two Jewish See also:

• ACADEMIES

academies in Babylonia, Sura and Pumbeditha . Though the name is far older, it is chiefly applied to Rabbis who lived between the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• TALMUD

Talmud and the transference of the centre of Judaism from See also:

• ASIA

Asia to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe i.e. from the end of the 6th to the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D . The Geonim were required to do See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage to the Exilarchs (see See also:

• EXILARCH

ExILARCH) but were otherwise See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent . They exercised wide authority and were appealed to in See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the social and religious affairs of the diaspora . To them must be assigned the arrangement of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main lines of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• SYNAGOGUE (avvaywyii)
• SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

Synagogue See also:

• LITURGY (Low Lat. liturgia; Gr. X€Zros, public, and Epyov, work; )Aetrovpy6s, a public servant)

liturgy . Their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• LITERARY

literary activity took the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of Answers to Questions—a form which was extensively used in later centuries . The most noted of the Geonim, who will be found treated under their respective names, were Aliai, See also:

• AMRAM (d. 875)

Amram, Semach, Saadiah, Sherira and See also:

• HAI (939-1038)

Hai . Hai See also:

• GAON (Heb. for " Excellency," plural Geonim)

Gaon died in ro38, closing the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the Geonim after an activity of four and a See also:

• HALF

half centuries . A full See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the Geonim is given in See also:

• TABULAR

tabular form in the Jewish See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia, vol. v. p . 571 . (I .