GARGANEYI (

See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-

See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian, Garganello)  , or SUMMER-TEAL, the Anas querquedula and A. circia of Linnaeus (who made, as did Willughby and Ray, two species out of one), and the type of Stephens's genus Querquedula . This bird is one of the smallest of the Anatidae, and has gained its common English name from being almost exclusively a summer-visitant to England where nowadays it only regularly resorts to breed in some of the East-Norfolk Broads, though possibly at one time it was found at the same season throughout the great Fen-district . Slightly larger than the common teal (A. crecca), the male is readily distinguished therefrom by its peculiarly-coloured head, the sides of which are nutmeg-brown, closely freckled with short whitish streaks, while a conspicuous white curved line descends backwards from the eyes . The upper wing-coverts are bluish grey, the scapulars black with a white shaft-stripe, and the wing-spot (speculum) greyish green bordered above and below by white . The female closely resembles the hen teal, but possesses no wing-spot . In Ireland or Scotland the garganey is very rare, and though it is recorded from Iceland, more satisfactory evidence of its occurrence there is needed . It has not a high northern range, and its appearance in Norway and Sweden is casual . Though it breeds in many parts of Europe, in none can it be said to be common; but it ranges far to the eastward in Asia—even to Formosa, according to Swinhoe—and yearly visits India in winter in enormous numbers . Those that breed in Norfolk arrive somewhat late in spring and make their nests in the vast 'reed-beds which border the Broads—a situation rarely or never chosen by the teal . The labyrinth or bony enlargement of the trachea in the male garganey differs in form from that described in any other drake, being more oval and placed nearly in the 1 The word was introduced by Willughby from Gesner (Orn., lib. iii. p . 127), but, though generally adopted by authors, seems never to have become other than a book-name in English, the bird being in-variably known in the parts of this island where it is indigenous as summer-teal." median line of the windpipe, instead of on one side, as is usually the case .