See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• GARNIER, CLEMENT JOSEPH (1813–1881)
• GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (1754-1821)
• JEAN LOUIS CHARLES GARNIER (1825-1898)
• GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] (1839–1873)
• GARNIER, ROBERT (c. 1545–c.1600)

GARNIER (1825-1898)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French architect, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 6th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1825 . He was educated in a See also:

• PRIMARY

primary school, and it was intended that he should pursue his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft, that of a wheelwright . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother, however, having heard that with a little previous study he might enter an architect's See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office and eventually become a measuring surveyor (verificateur), and See also:

• EARN

earn as much as six francs a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and foreseeing that in consequence of his delicate See also:

• HEALTH

health he would be unfit to See also:

• WORK

work at the forge, sent him to learn See also:

• DRAWING

drawing and See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics at the Petite Ecole de Dessin, in the See also:

• RUE (Fr. rue, Lat. ruta, from Gr. pur)

rue de Medecine, the See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

cradle of so many of the See also:

• GREAT

great artists of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . His progress was such as to justify his being sent first into an architect's office and then to the well-known atelier of Lebas, where he began his studies in preparation for the examination of the Ecole See also:

• DES

des See also:

• BEAUX, CECILIA (1863– )

Beaux Arts, which he passed in 1842, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventeen . Shortly after his See also:

• ADMISSION

admission it became necessary that he should support himself, and accordingly he worked during the day in various architects' offices, among them in that of M . See also:

• VIOLLET, PAUL MARIE (184o- )

Viollet-le-Duc, and confined his studies for the Ecole to the evening . In 1848 he carried off, at the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early age of twenty-three, the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Prix de See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and with his comrades in See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture, See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving and See also:

• MUSIC

music, set off for the See also:

• VILLA

Villa de Medicis . His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORKS

works were the measured drawings of the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum of See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan and the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• VESTA (Gr. 'Errata)

Vesta in Rome, and the temple of See also:

• SERAPIS

Serapis at See also:

• POZZUOLI (anc. Puteoli, q.v.)

Pozzuoli . In the fifth See also:

• YEAR

year of his travelling student-See also:

• SHIP

ship he went to See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens and measured the temple at See also:

• AEGINA
• AEGINA (EGINA or ENGIA)

Aegina, subsequently working out a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete restoration of it, with its polychromatic decoration, which was published as a monograph in 1877 . The elaborate set of drawings which he was commissioned by the duc de See also:

• LUYNES

Luynes to make of the tombs of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou were not published, owing to the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• PATRON

patron; and since See also:

• GARNIER, CLEMENT JOSEPH (1813–1881)
• GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (1754-1821)
• GARNIER, JEAN LOUIS CHARLES (1825-1898)
• GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] (1839–1873)
• GARNIER, ROBERT (c. 1545–c.1600)

Garnier's death they have been given to the library of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, along with other drawings he made in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . On his return to Paris in 1853 he was appointed surveyor to one or two See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government buildings, with a very moderate See also:

• SALARY

salary, so that the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission given him by M . See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• BALTARD, LOUIS PIERRE (1764-1846)

Baltard to make two See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour drawings of the Hotel de Ville, to he placed in the See also:

• ALBUM (Lat. albus, white)

album presented to See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria in 1855, on the occasion of her visit to Paris, proved very acceptable .

These two drawings are now in the library at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor . In 186o came, at last, Garnier's See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance: a competition was announced for a See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design for a new imperial See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of music, and out of 163 competitors Garnier was one of five selected for a second competition, in which, by unanimous See also:

• VOTE

vote, he carried off the first See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize, and the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of the design was placed in his hands . Begun in 1861, but delayed in its completion by the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, it was not till 1875 that the structure of the See also:

• PRESENT

present Grand See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera House of Paris was finished, at a 'cost of about 35,000,000 francs (£I,42o,000) . During the war the See also:

• BUILDING

building was utilized as the municipal storehouse of provisions . The See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase and the magnificent See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall are the finest portion of the interior, and alike in conception and realization have never been approached . Of Garnier's other works, the most remarkable are the See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

Casino at See also:

• MONTE

Monte Carlo, the Bischoffsheim villa at See also:

• BORDIGHERA

Bordighera, the Hotel du Cercle de la Librairie in Paris; and, among tombs, those of the musicians Bizet, See also:

• OFFENBACH
• OFFENBACH, JACQUES (1819-1880)

Offenbach, Masse and Duprato . In 1874 he was elected a member of the See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of France, and after passing through the grades of See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier, officer and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour, received in 1895 the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of grand officer, a high distinction that had never before been granted to an architect . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Garnier's reputation was notconfined to France; it was recognized by all the countries of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England he received, in 1886, the royal See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Royal Institute of Architects, given by Queen Victoria . Besides his monograph on the temple of Aegina, he wrote several works, of which Le Nouvel Opera de Paris is the most valuable . For the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1889 he designed the buildings illustrating the " See also:

• HISTORY

History of the House " in all periods, and a work on this subject was afterwards published by him in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with M . Ammann . Not the least of his claims to the gratitude of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country were the services which he rendered on the various See also:

• ART

art juries appointed by the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, the Institute of France, and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, services which in France are rendered in an honorary capacity .

Garnier died on the 3rd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1898 . (R . P .