See also:JEAN See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:CHARLES See also:GARNIER (1825-1898)
, See also:French architect, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 6th of See also:November 1825
.
He was educated in a See also:primary school, and it was intended that he should pursue his See also:father's See also:craft, that of a wheelwright
.
His See also:mother, however, having heard that with a little previous study he might enter an architect's See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office and eventually become a measuring surveyor (verificateur), and See also:earn as much as six francs a See also:day, and foreseeing that in consequence of his delicate See also:health he would be unfit to See also:work at the forge, sent him to learn See also:drawing and See also:mathematics at the Petite Ecole de Dessin, in the See also:rue de Medecine, the See also:cradle of so many of the See also:great artists of See also:France
.
His progress was such as to justify his being sent first into an architect's office and then to the well-known atelier of Lebas, where he began his studies in preparation for the examination of the Ecole See also:des See also:Beaux Arts, which he passed in 1842, at the See also:age of seventeen
.
Shortly after his See also:admission it became necessary that he should support himself, and accordingly he worked during the day in various architects' offices, among them in that of M
.
See also:Viollet-le-Duc, and confined his studies for the Ecole to the evening
.
In 1848 he carried off, at the See also:early age of twenty-three, the See also:Grand Prix de See also:Rome, and with his comrades in See also:sculpture, See also:engraving and See also:music, set off for the See also:Villa de Medicis
.
His See also:principal See also:works were the measured drawings of the See also:Forum of See also:Trajan and the See also:temple of See also:Vesta in Rome, and the temple of See also:Serapis at See also:Pozzuoli
.
In the fifth See also:year of his travelling student-See also:ship he went to See also:Athens and measured the temple at See also:Aegina, subsequently working out a See also:complete restoration of it, with its polychromatic decoration, which was published as a monograph in 1877
.
The elaborate set of drawings which he was commissioned by the duc de See also:Luynes to make of the tombs of the See also:house of See also:Anjou were not published, owing to the See also:death of his See also:patron; and since See also:Garnier's death they have been given to the library of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, along with other drawings he made in See also:Italy
.
On his return to Paris in 1853 he was appointed surveyor to one or two See also:government buildings, with a very moderate See also:salary, so that the See also:commission given him by M
.
See also:Victor See also:Baltard to make two See also:water-See also:colour drawings of the Hotel de Ville, to he placed in the See also:album presented to See also:Queen See also:Victoria in 1855, on the occasion of her visit to Paris, proved very acceptable
.
These two drawings are now in the library at See also:Windsor
.
In 186o came, at last, Garnier's See also:chance: a competition was announced for a See also:design for a new imperial See also:academy of music, and out of 163 competitors Garnier was one of five selected for a second competition, in which, by unanimous See also:vote, he carried off the first See also:prize, and the See also:execution of the design was placed in his hands
.
Begun in 1861, but delayed in its completion by the Franco-See also:German See also:War, it was not till 1875 that the structure of the See also:present Grand See also:Opera House of Paris was finished, at a 'cost of about 35,000,000 francs (£I,42o,000)
.
During the war the See also:building was utilized as the municipal storehouse of provisions
.
The See also:staircase and the magnificent See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall are the finest portion of the interior, and alike in conception and realization have never been approached
.
Of Garnier's other works, the most remarkable are the See also:Casino at See also:Monte Carlo, the Bischoffsheim villa at See also:Bordighera, the Hotel du Cercle de la Librairie in Paris; and, among tombs, those of the musicians Bizet, See also:Offenbach, Masse and Duprato
.
In 1874 he was elected a member of the See also:Institute of France, and after passing through the grades of See also:chevalier, officer and See also:commander of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour, received in 1895 the See also:rank of grand officer, a high distinction that had never before been granted to an architect
.
See also:Charles Garnier's reputation was notconfined to France; it was recognized by all the countries of See also:Europe, and in See also:England he received, in 1886, the royal See also:gold See also:medal of the Royal Institute of Architects, given by Queen Victoria
.
Besides his monograph on the temple of Aegina, he wrote several works, of which Le Nouvel Opera de Paris is the most valuable
.
For the See also:International See also:Exhibition of 1889 he designed the buildings illustrating the " See also:History of the House " in all periods, and a work on this subject was afterwards published by him in See also:conjunction with M
.
Ammann
.
Not the least of his claims to the gratitude of his See also:country were the services which he rendered on the various See also:art juries appointed by the See also:state, the Institute of France, and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, services which in France are rendered in an honorary capacity
.
Garnier died on the 3rd of See also:August 1898
.
(R
.
P
.
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