See also:

• MARIE

MARIE See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS [See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS] See also:

• GARNIER, CLEMENT JOSEPH (1813–1881)
• GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (1754-1821)
• GARNIER, JEAN LOUIS CHARLES (1825-1898)
• MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] GARNIER (1839–1873)
• GARNIER, ROBERT (c. 1545–c.1600)

GARNIER (1839–1873)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French officer and explorer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne on the 25th of See also:

• JULY

July 1839 . He entered the See also:

• NAVY

navy, and after voyaging in Brazilian See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters and the Pacific he obtained a See also:

• POST

post on the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral Charner, who from 186o to 1862 was campaigning in See also:

• COCHIN
• COCHIN, DENYS MARIE PIERRE AUGUSTIN (1851L'Evolution de la vie (1895); Le Monde exterieur (1845); Contre les barbares (1899)

Cochin-See also:

• CHINA

China . After some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time spent in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France he returned to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and in 1862 he was appointed inspector of the natives in Cochin-China, and entrusted with the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of Cho-lon, a suburb of See also:

• SAIGON

Saigon . It was at his See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that the See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat determined to send a See also:

• MISSION

mission to explore the valley of the See also:

• MEKONG, or ME NAM KONG (pronounced Kawng)

Mekong, but as See also:

• GARNIER, CLEMENT JOSEPH (1813–1881)
• GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (1754-1821)
• GARNIER, JEAN LOUIS CHARLES (1825-1898)
• GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] (1839–1873)
• GARNIER, ROBERT (c. 1545–c.1600)

Garnier was not considered old enough to be put in command, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authority was entrusted to See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Doudart de Lags-6e . In the course of the expedition—to quote the words of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• RODERICK

Roderick See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison addressed to the youthful traveller when, in 187o, he was presented with the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

Medal of the Royal See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society of See also:

• LONDON

London—from Kratie in See also:

• CAMBODIA

Cambodia to See also:

• SHANGHAI

Shanghai 5392 M. were traversed, and of these 3625 m., chiefly of See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country unknown to See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography, were surveyed with care, and the positions fixed by astronomical observations, nearly the whole of the observations being taken by Garnier himself . Volunteering to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead a detachment to Talifu, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan See also:

• SULEIMAN

Suleiman, the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign of the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan rebels in Yunnan, he success-fully carried out the more than adventurous enterprise . When shortly afterwards Lagree died, Garnier naturally assumed the command of the expedition, and he conducted it in safety to the Yang-tsze-Kiang, and thus to the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . On his return to France he was received with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm . The preparation of his narrative was interrupted by the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and during the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris he served as See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal staff officer to the admiral in command of the eighth " sector." His experiences during the siege were published anonymously in the See also:

• FEUILLETON (a diminutive of the Fr. feuillet, the leaf of a book)

feuilleton of Le Temps, and appeared separately as Le Siege de Paris, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal d'un officier de marine (1871) . Returning to Cochin-China he found the See also:

• POLITICAL

political circumstances of the country unfavourable to further exploration, and accordingly he went to China, and in 1873 followed the upper course of the Yang-tsze-Kiang to the waterfalls . He was next commissioned by Admiral See also:

• DUPRE, JULES (1812-1889)

Dupre, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Cochin-China, to found a French See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate or a new See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony in See also:

• TONGKING

Tongking . On the 20th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1873 he took See also:

• HANOI

Hanoi, the capital of Tongking, and on the 21st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December he was slain in fight with the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Flags .

His chief fame rests on the fact that he originated the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of exploring the Mekong, and carried out the larger portion of the See also:

• WORK

work . The narrative of the principal expedition appeared in 1873, as Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine effectue See also:

• PENDANT (through Fr. from Lat. pendere, to hang)

pendant See also:

• LES

les annees z866, 2867 et 1868, publie sous la direction de M . See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Garnier, avec le contours de M . Delaporte et de MM . See also:

• JOUBERT, BARTHELEMY CATHERINE (1769–1799)
• JOUBERT, JOSEPH (1754–1824)
• JOUBERT, PETRUS JACOBUS (1834–1900)

Joubert et Thorel (2 vols.) . An See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the Yang-tsze-Kiang from Garnier's See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen is given in the Bulletin de la See also:

• SOC

Soc. de Geog . (1874) . His Chronique royale du Cambodje, was reprinted from the Journal Asiatique in 1872 . See Ocean Highways (1874) for a memoir by See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• YULE
• YULE, SIR HENRY (182o-1889)

Yule; and See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh See also:

• CLIFFORD
• CLIFFORD, JOHN (1836- )
• CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (1845-1879)

Clifford, Further See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of Exploration See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series (1904) .