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MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] GARNI...

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 472 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MARIE See also:JOSEPH See also:FRANCOIS [See also:FRANCIS] See also:GARNIER (1839–1873)  , See also:French officer and explorer, was See also:born at St See also:Etienne on the 25th of See also:July 1839 . He entered the See also:navy, and after voyaging in Brazilian See also:waters and the Pacific he obtained a See also:post on the See also:staff of See also:Admiral Charner, who from 186o to 1862 was campaigning in See also:Cochin-See also:China . After some See also:time spent in See also:France he returned to the See also:East, and in 1862 he was appointed inspector of the natives in Cochin-China, and entrusted with the See also:administration of Cho-lon, a suburb of See also:Saigon . It was at his See also:suggestion that the See also:marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat determined to send a See also:mission to explore the valley of the See also:Mekong, but as See also:Garnier was not considered old enough to be put in command, the See also:chief authority was entrusted to See also:Captain Doudart de Lags-6e . In the course of the expedition—to quote the words of See also:Sir See also:Roderick See also:Murchison addressed to the youthful traveller when, in 187o, he was presented with the See also:Victoria See also:Medal of the Royal See also:Geographical Society of See also:London—from Kratie in See also:Cambodia to See also:Shanghai 5392 M. were traversed, and of these 3625 m., chiefly of See also:country unknown to See also:European See also:geography, were surveyed with care, and the positions fixed by astronomical observations, nearly the whole of the observations being taken by Garnier himself . Volunteering to See also:lead a detachment to Talifu, the See also:capital of See also:Sultan See also:Suleiman, the See also:sovereign of the See also:Mahommedan rebels in Yunnan, he success-fully carried out the more than adventurous enterprise . When shortly afterwards Lagree died, Garnier naturally assumed the command of the expedition, and he conducted it in safety to the Yang-tsze-Kiang, and thus to the See also:Chinese See also:coast . On his return to France he was received with See also:enthusiasm . The preparation of his narrative was interrupted by the Franco-See also:German See also:War, and during the See also:siege of See also:Paris he served as See also:principal staff officer to the admiral in command of the eighth " sector." His experiences during the siege were published anonymously in the See also:feuilleton of Le Temps, and appeared separately as Le Siege de Paris, See also:journal d'un officier de marine (1871) . Returning to Cochin-China he found the See also:political circumstances of the country unfavourable to further exploration, and accordingly he went to China, and in 1873 followed the upper course of the Yang-tsze-Kiang to the waterfalls . He was next commissioned by Admiral See also:Dupre, See also:governor of Cochin-China, to found a French See also:protectorate or a new See also:colony in See also:Tongking . On the 20th of See also:November 1873 he took See also:Hanoi, the capital of Tongking, and on the 21st of See also:December he was slain in fight with the See also:Black Flags .

His chief fame rests on the fact that he originated the See also:

idea of exploring the Mekong, and carried out the larger portion of the See also:work . The narrative of the principal expedition appeared in 1873, as Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine effectue See also:pendant See also:les annees z866, 2867 et 1868, publie sous la direction de M . See also:Francis Garnier, avec le contours de M . Delaporte et de MM . See also:Joubert et Thorel (2 vols.) . An See also:account of the Yang-tsze-Kiang from Garnier's See also:pen is given in the Bulletin de la See also:Soc. de Geog . (1874) . His Chronique royale du Cambodje, was reprinted from the Journal Asiatique in 1872 . See Ocean Highways (1874) for a memoir by See also:Colonel See also:Yule; and See also:Hugh See also:Clifford, Further See also:India, in the See also:Story of Exploration See also:series (1904) .

End of Article: MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] GARNIER (1839–1873)
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