See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

WALTER See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• WALTER GAY (1856– )

GAY (1856– )  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American artist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• HINGHAM

Hingham, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 22nd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1856 . In 1876 he became a See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon See also:

• BONNAT

Bonnat in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . He received an See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable mention in the See also:

• SALON

Salon of 1885; a See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal in 1888, and similar awards at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna (1894), See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp (1895), See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin (1896) and See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich (1897) . He became an officer of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour and a member of the Society of See also:

• SECESSION

Secession, Munich . See also:

• WORKS

Works by him are in the Luxembourg, the See also:

• TATE, JAMES (1771-1843)
• TATE, NAHUM (1652-1715)
• TATE, RALPH (1840-1901)
• TATE, SIR HENRY, BART

Tate See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery (See also:

• LONDON

London), and the See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston and See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York) Museums of See also:

• ART

Art . His compositions are mainly figure subjects portraying See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant See also:

• LIFE

life . GAYA; a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• PATNA

Patna See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal . The city is situated 85 m . S. of Patna by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1901) 71,288 . It consists of two distinct parts, adjoining each other; the See also:

• PART

part containing the residences of the priests is Gaya proper; and the other, which is the business See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, is called Sahibganj .

The See also:

• CIVIL

civil offices and residences of the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European inhabitants are situated here . Gaya derives its sanctity from incidents in the life of See also:

• BUDDHA

Buddha . But a See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend also exists concerning a See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster of See also:

• GREAT

great sanctity, named Gaya, who by See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance had become See also:

• HOLY

holy, so that all who saw or touched him were saved from perdition . See also:

• YAMA (Sanskrit " twin," in allusion to his being twin with his sister Yami, traditionally the first human pair)

Yama, the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of See also:

• HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

hell, appealed to the gods, who induced Gaya to See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie down in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that his See also:

• BODY

body might be a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice; and once down, Yama placed a large See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone on him to keep him there . The tricked demon struggled violently, and, in order to pacify him, See also:

• VISHNU (Sanskrit, " the worker," from root vish, "to work ")

Vishnu promised that the gods should take up their permanent See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in him, and that any one who made a See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage to the spot where he See also:

• LAY

lay should be delivered from the terrors of the See also:

• HINDU

Hindu place of torment . This may possibly be a Brahmanic rendering of Buddha's life and See also:

• WORK

work . There are See also:

• FORTY

forty-five sacred spots (of which the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Vishnupada is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief) in and around the city, and these are visited by thousands of pilgrims annually . During the See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny the large See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store of treasure here was conveyed safely to See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta by Mr A . See also:

• MONEY

Money . The city contains a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government high school and an See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, with a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch for See also:

• WOMEN

women . The DISTRICT OF GAYA comprises an See also:

• AREA

area of 4712 sq. m . Generally speaking, it consists of a level See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, with a See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge of prettily wooded hills along the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundary, whence the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country falls with a See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle slope towards the See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges .

Rocky hills occasionally occur, either detached or in See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups, the loftiest being-Maher See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill about 12 M . S.E. of Gaya city, with an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 162o ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . The eastern part of the district is highly cultivated; the portions to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west are less fertile; while in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south the country is thinly peopled and consists of hills, the jungles on which are full of See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild animals . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVER

river is the Son, which marks the boundary between Gaya and See also:

• SHAHABAD

Shahabad, navigable by small boats throughout the See also:

• YEAR

year, and by See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft of 2o-tons See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden in the See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . Other See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are the Punpun, Phalgu and Jamuna . Two branches of the Son See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal See also:

• SYSTEM

system, the eastern See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main canal and the Patna canal, intersect the district . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 2,059,933, showing a decrease of 3 % in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . Among the higher castes there is an unusually large proportion of Brahmans, a circumstance due to the number of sacred places which the district contains . The Gayawals, or priests in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the holy places, are held in high esteem by the pilgrims ; but they are not pure Brahmans, and are looked down upon by those who are . They live an idle and dissolute life, but are very wealthy, from contributions extorted from the pilgrims . Buddh Gaya, about 6 m . S. of Gaya city, is one of the holiest sites of See also:

• BUDDHISM

Buddhism, as containing the See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree under which Sakyamuni attained enlightenment .

In addition to many ruins and sculptures, there is a temple restored by the government in 1881 . Another place of religious See also:

• INTEREST

interest is a temple of great antiquity, which crowns the highest See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak of the Barabar hills, and at which a religious See also:

• FAIR

fair is held each See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, attended by ro,000 to 20,0000 pilgrims . At the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the hill are numerous See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock caves excavated about 200 B.C . The See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium See also:

• POPPY

poppy is largely cultivated . There are a number of See also:

• LAC

lac factories . Manufactures consist of See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass utensils, See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black stone ornaments, pottery, tussur-See also:

• SILK

silk and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• CLOTH

cloth . Formerly See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper-making was an important manufacture in the district, but it has entirely died out . The chief exports are See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food grains, oil seeds, See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo, crude opium (sent to Patna for manufacture), See also:

• SALTPETRE (from the Lat. sal, salt, Petra, a rock)

saltpetre, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, blankets, brass utensils, &c . The imports are See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt, piece goods, cotton, See also:

• TIMBER

timber, bamboos, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, lac, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, spices and fruits . The district is traversed by four branches of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIAN

Indian railway . In lgor it suffered severely from the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague . See District Gazetteer (1906); See also:

• SIR

Sir A .

See also:

• CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER (c.1655-173o)
• CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN (1784-1842)
• CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM (1805-1861)

Cunningham, Mahabodhi (1892) .