GEBHARD TRUCHSESS VON WALDBURG (1547-1601)  , elector and See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, was the second son of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Waldburg, and See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of See also:

• OTTO

Otto, See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg (1514-173) . Belonging thus to an old and distinguished Swabian See also:

• FAMILY

family, he was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1547, and after studying at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• INGOLSTADT

Ingolstadt, See also:

• PERUGIA (anc. Perusia)

Perugia, See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain and elsewhere began his ecclesiastical career at Augsburg . Subsequently he held other positions at See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, Cologne and Augsburg, and in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1577 was chosen elector of Cologne after a spirited contest . Gebhard is chiefly noted for his See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion to the reformed doctrines, and for his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes, countess of See also:

• MANSFELD

Mansfeld, which was connected with this step . After living in See also:

• CONCUBINAGE
• CONCUBINAGE (Lat. concubina, a concubine; from con-, with, and cubare, to lie)

concubinage with Agnes he decided, perhaps under compulsion, to marry her, doubtless intending at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to resign his see . Other counsels, however, prevailed . Instigated by some See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant supporters he declared he would retain the electorate,and in December 1582 he formally announced his conversion to the reformed faith . The marriage with Agnes was celebrated in the following See also:

• FEBRUARY

February, and Gebhard remained in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the see . This affair created a See also:

• GREAT

great stir in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and the clause concerning ecclesiastical See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation in the religious See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Augsburg was interpreted in one way by his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, and in another way by his foes; the former holding that he could retain his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, the latter that he must resign . Anticipating events Gebhard had collected some troops, and had taken See also:

• MEASURES

measures to convert his subjects to Protestantism . In See also:

• APRIL

April 1583 he was deposed and excommunicated by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XIII.; a Bavarian See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince, Ernest, bishop of See also:

• LIEGE
• LIEGE (Walloon, Lige, Flemish, Luik, Ger. Lilltich)

Liege, See also:

• FREISING

Freising and See also:

• HILDESHEIM

Hildesheim, was chosen elector, and See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out between the rivals . The cautious Lutheran princes of Germany, especially See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus I., elector of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, were not enthusiastic in support of Gebhard, whose friendly relations with the Calvinists were not to their liking; and although See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre, afterwards Henry IV. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, tried to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition to aid the deposed elector, the only assistance which he obtained came from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Casimir, See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator of the See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine .

The inhabitants of the electorate were about equally divided on the question, and Ernest, supported by See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish troops, was too strong for Gebhard . John Casimir, who acted as See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, returned to the Palatinate in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1583, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the following See also:

• YEAR

year Gebhard was driven from See also:

• BONN

Bonn and took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in the Nether-lands . The electorate was soon completely in the possession of Ernest, and the defeat of Gebhard was a serious See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow to Protestantism, and marks a See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . Living in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands he became very intimate with See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy, See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• DUDLEY
• DUDLEY, BARONS AND EARLS OF
• DUDLEY, EDMUND (c. 1462—1510)
• DUDLEY, SIR ROBERT (1573—1649)
• DUDLEY, THOMAS (1576-1653)

Dudley, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester, but he failed to get assistance for renewing the war either from the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen or in any other See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter . In 1589 Gebhard took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Strassburg, where he had held the office of See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral since 1574 . Before his arrival some trouble had arisen in the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter owing to the fact that three excommunicated canons persisted in retaining their offices . He joined this party, which was strongly supported in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, took See also:

• PART

part in a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election to the bishopric in 1592, and in spite of some opposition retained his office until his See also:

• DEATH

death at Strassburg on the 31st of May 16oi . Gebhard was a drunken and licentious See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, who owes his prominence rather to his surroundings than to his abilities . See M . Lossen, Der kolnische Krieg (See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 1882), and the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on Gebhard in See also:

• BAND

band viii. of the Allgemeine deutsche Biographic (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1878) ; J . H . Hennes, Der Kampf See also:

• URN (Lat. urna, either from root of urere, to burn, being made of burnt clay, or connected with urceus, Gr. I5pxa, jar)

urn das Erzstift Koln (Cologne, 1878) ; L .

Ennen, Geschichte der Stadt Koln (Cologne, 1863-188o) ; and Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland . Der Kampf' um Koln, edited by J . See also:

• HANSEN, PETER ANDREAS (1795-1874)

Hansen (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1892) .