MATHIEU AUGUSTE

GEFFROY (1820-1895)  , French historian, was born in Paris . After studying at the Ecole Normale Superieure he held history professorships at various lycees . His French thesis for the doctorate of letters, Etude sur les pamphlets politiques et religieux de Milton (1848), showed that he was attracted towards foreign history, a study for which he soon qualified himself by mastering the Germanic and Scandinavian languages . In 1851 he published a Histoire des Rats scandinaves, which is especially valuable for clear arrangement and for the trustworthiness . of its facts . Later, a long stay in Sweden furnished him with valuable documents for a political and social history of Sweden and France at the end of the 18th century . In 1864 and 1865 he published in the Revue des deux mondes a series of articles on Gustavus III. and the French court, which were republished in book form in 1867 . To the second volume he appended a critical study on Marie Antoinette. et Louis X VI apocryphes, in which he proved, by evidence drawn from documents in the private archives of the emperor of Austria, that the letters published by Feuillet de Conches (Louis X VI, Marie Antoinette et Madame Elisabeth, 1864–1893) and Hunolstein (Corresp. inedite de Marie Antoinette, 1864) are forgeries . With the collaboration of Alfred von Arneth, director of the imperial archives at Vienna, he edited the Correspondance secrete entre Marie-Therese et le comte de Mercy-Argenteau (3 vols., 1874), the first account based on trust-worthy documents of Marie Antoinette's character, private conduct and policy . The Franco-German War drew Geffroy's attention to the origins of Germany, and his Rome et les Barbares: etude sur la Germane de Tacite (1874) set forth some of the results of German scholarship . He was then appointed to superintend the opening of the French school of archaeology at Rome, and drew up two useful reports (1877 and 1884) on its origin and early work . But his personal tastes always led him back to the study of modern history . When the Paris archives of foreign affairs were thrown open to students, it was decided to publish a collection of the instructions given to French ambassadors since 1648 (Recueil des instructions donnas aux ambassadeurs et ministres de France depuis le trait, de Westphabie), and Geffroy was commissioned to edit the volumes dealing with Sweden (vol.ii., r885) and Denmark (vol. xiii., 1895) .

In the

interval he wrote Madame de Maintenon d'apres sa correspondance authentique (2 vols., 1887), in which he displayed his penetrating critical faculty in discriminating between authentic documents and the additions and corrections of arrangers like La Beaumelle and Lavallee . His .last works were an Essai sur la formation des collections d'antiques de la Suede and Des institutions et des mceurs du paganisme scandinave: l'Islande avant le Christianisme, both published posthumously . He died at Bievre on the 16th of August 1895 .