GENLIS  , STEPHANIE-FELICITE DU See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

CREST DE SAINTAUBIN, COMTESSE DE (1746-1830), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French writer and educator, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble but impoverished Burgundian See also:

• FAMILY

family, at Champcery, near See also:

• AUTUN

Autun, on the 25th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1746 . When six years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age she was received as a See also:

• CANONESS (Fr. chanoinesse, Ger. Kanonissin, Lat. canonica or canonica virgo)

canoness into the noble See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of Alix; near See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Madame la Comtesse de Laney, taken from the See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon-Lancy . Her entire See also:

• EDUCATION

education, however, was conducted at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home . In 1758, in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, her skill as a harpist and her vivacious wit speedily attracted admiration . In her sixteenth See also:

• YEAR

year she was married to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Brulart de Genlis, a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of grenadiers, who afterwards became See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de Sillery, but this was not allowed to interfere with her determination to remedy her incomplete education, and to satisfy a See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for acquiring and imparting knowledge . Some years later, through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of her aunt, Madame de See also:

• MONTESSON, CHARLOTTE JEANNE BERAUD DE LA HAYE DE RIOU, MARQUISE DE (1737-1805)

Montesson, who had been clandestinely married to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, she entered the Palais Royal as See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady-in-waiting to the duchess of See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres (1770) . She acted with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and zeal as governess to the daughters of the family, and was in 1781 1 See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the Great, iv. iii . 1407 . to See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place being taken by a See also:

• JUNO

Juno (cp . Juno See also:

• LUCINA

Lucina, the goddess of childbirth) in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• WOMEN

women . The male and See also:

• FEMALE

female spirit may thus be distinguished respectively as the See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector of See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation and of parturition (tutela generandi, pariendi), although the female appears less prominent . It is the See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius of the paterfamilias that keeps the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, named after him lectus genialis and dedicated to him, under his See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• PROTECTION

protection .

The genius of a man, as his higher intellectual self, accompanies him from the See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

cradle to the See also:

• GRAVE

grave . In many ways he exercises a decisive influence on the man's See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and mode of See also:

• LIFE

life (See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace, Epistles, ii . 2 . 187) . The responsibility for happiness or unhappiness, See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good or See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, See also:

• LAY

lay with. the genius; but this does not suppose the existence of two genii for man, the one good and. the other bad (ayaOo5aip,wv, xaKOBaLpaw), an See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea borrowed from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek philosophers . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman genius, representing man's natural optimism, always endeavoured to See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide him to happiness; that man was intended to enjoy life is shown by the fact than the Roman spoke of indulging or See also:

• CHEATING

cheating his genius of his due according as he enjoyed himself or failed to do so, when he had the opportunity . A man's birthday was naturally a suitable occasion for honouring his genius, and on that occasion offerings of See also:

• INCENSE

incense, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, garlands, and cakes were made (See also:

• TIBULLUS, ALBIUS (c. 54–19 B.c.)

Tibullus ii . 2; See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid, Tristia, Iu . 13 . 18) . As the representative of a man's higher self and participating in a divine nature, the genius could be sworn by, and a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person could take an See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath by his own or some one else's genius . When under Greek influence the Roman idea of the gods became more and more anthropomorphized, a genius was assigned to them, not however as a distinct See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality .

Thus we hear of the genius of See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter (Jovis Genio, C.I.L . 603), See also:

• MARS
• MARS (MAYORS, MARMAR, MARSPITER GA MASPITER)
• MARS, MLLE [ANNE FRANCOISE HYPPOLYTE BOUTET] (1779-1847)

Mars, Juno, See also:

• PLUTO (IlXoirrwv)

Pluto, See also:

• PRIAPUS

Priapus . In a more extended sense the genius is also the generator and preserver of human society, as manifested in the family, corporate unions, the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state generally . Thus, the genius publicus Populi Romani—probably distinct from the genius Urbis Romae, to whom an old See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield on the Capitol was dedicated, with an inscription expressing doubt as to the See also:

• SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

sex (Genio . . . sire mas sine femina)—stood in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum near the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• CONCORD
• CONCORD, BOOK OF (Liber Concordiae)

Concord, in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a bearded man, crowned with a diadem, and carrying a See also:

• CORNU, MARIE

cornu copiae and See also:

• SCEPTRE

sceptre . It frequently appears on the coins of See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan and See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian . See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

Sacrifice, not confined to bloodless offerings like those of the genius of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, was offered to him annually on the 8th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October . There were genii of cities, colonies, and even of provinces; of artists, business See also:

• PEOPLE

people and craftsmen; of cooks, See also:

• GLADIATORS (from Lat. gladius, sword)

gladiators, See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard-bearers, a See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion, a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army generally (genius sanctus castrorum peregrinorum totiusque exercitus) . In imperial times the genius of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and of the reigning See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, as See also:

• PART

part of the sacra of the imperial family, were publicly worshipped . It was a See also:

• COMMON

common practice (often compulsory) to swear by the genius of the emperor, and any one who swore falsely was flogged . Localities also, such as theatres, See also:

• BATHS

baths, stables, streets, and markets, had their own genius . The word thus gradually lost its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original meaning; the nameless See also:

• LOCAL

local genii became an expression for the universality of the divinum numen and were sometimes identified with the higher gods .

The local genius was usually represented by a snake, the See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of the fruitfulness of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth and of perpetual youth . Hence See also:

• SNAKES

snakes were usually kept in houses (See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil, Aen. v . 95; See also:

• PERSIUS

Persius i . 113), their See also:

• DEATH

death in which was considered a bad See also:

• OMEN (a Latin word, either connected with os, mouth, or more probably with auris (Gr. ois, ear; apparently, meaning " a thing heard " or " spoken ")

omen . The See also:

• PERSONAL

personal genius usually appeared as a handsome youth in a toga, with See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head sometimes veiled and sometimes See also:

• BARE

bare, carrying a drinking See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup and cornu copiae, frequently in the position of one offering sacrifice . See W . H . See also:

• ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher, Lexikon der Mythologie, and See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by J . A . Hild in Daremberg and Saglio, Dictionnaire See also:

• DES

des antiquites, where full references to See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and See also:

• MODERN

modern authorities are given; L . See also:

• PRELLER, FRIEDRICH (1804–1878)
• PRELLER, LUDWIG (1809–1861)

Preller, Romische Mythologie, 3rd ed., by H . See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan; G .

Wissowa, See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion and Kultur der Romer . Apart from the Latin use of the See also:

• TERM

term, the plural " genii " (with a singular " genie ") is used in See also:

• ENGLISH

English, as See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to the Arabic See also:

• JINN (DIINN)

jinn, for a class of See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, good or bad, such as are described, for instance, in The Arabian Nights . But " genius " itself has become the See also:

• REGULAR

regular English word for the highest appointed by the duke of Chartres to the responsible See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of gouverneur of his sons, a bold step which led to the resignation of all the tutors as well as to much social See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal, though there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that the intellectual interests of her pupils suffered on that See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account . The better to carry out her ingenious theories of education, she wrote several See also:

• WORKS

works for their use, the best known of which are the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre d'education (4 vols., 1779-178o), a collection of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short comedies for See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young people, See also:

• LES

Les Annales de la vertu (2 vols., 1781) and Adele et See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore (3 vols., 1782) . Sainte-Beuve tells how she anticipated many modern methods of teaching . See also:

• HISTORY

History was taught with the help of magic See also:

• LANTERN (an adaptation of the Fr. lanterne from Lat. lanterna or laterna, supposed to be from Gr. Aa urritp, a torch or lamp, Aaµaew, to shine, cf. " lamp "; the 16th- and 17th-century form " lanthorn " is due to a mistaken derivation from " horn," as a m

lantern slides and her pupils learnt See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany from a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical botanist during their walks . In 1789 Madame de Genlis showed herself favourable to the Revolution, but the fall of the Girondins in 1793 compelled her to take See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland along with her See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil Mademoiselle d'Orleans . In this year her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, the marquis de Sillery, from whom she had been separated since 1782, was guillotined . An " adopted " daughter, Pamela,' had been married to See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• FITZGERALD
• FITZGERALD, EDWARD (1809–1883)
• FITZGERALD, LORD E
• FITZGERALD, LORD EDWARD (1763-1798)
• FITZGERALD, LORD THOMAS (loth earl of Kildare), (1513-1537)
• FITZGERALD, RAYMOND, or REDMOND (d. ca. 1182)

Fitzgerald (q.v.) in the preceding See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December . In 1794 Madame de Genlis fixed her See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, but, having been expelled by the orders of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Frederick See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, she afterwards settled in See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, where she supported herself for some years by See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing and See also:

• PAINTING

painting . After the revolution of 18th See also:

• BRUMAIRE

Brumaire (1799) she was permitted to return to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and was received with favour by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, who gave her apartments at the See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal, and afterwards assigned her a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of 6000 francs . During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period she wrote largely, and produced, in addition to some See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical novels, her best See also:

• ROMANCE

romance, Mademoiselle de Clermont (1802) .

Madame de Genlis had lost her influence over her old pupil See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe, who visited her but seldom, although he allowed her a small pension . Her See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government pension was discontinued by Louis XVIII., and she supported herself largely by her See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen . Her later years were occupied largely with See also:

• LITERARY

literary quarrels, notably with that which arose out of the publication of the Diners du See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron d'See also:

• HOLBACH, PAUL HEINRICH DIETRICH, BARON

Holbach (1822), a See also:

• VOLUME

volume in which she set forth with a good See also:

• DEAL

deal of sarcastic cleverness the intolerance, the fanaticism, and the eccentricities of the " philosophes " of the 18th century . She survived until the 31st of December 183o, and saw her former pupil, Louis Philippe, seated on the See also:

• THRONE

throne of France . The numerous works of Madame de Genlis (which considerably exceed eighty), comprising See also:

• PROSE

prose and poetical compositions on a vast variety of subjects and of various degrees of merit, owed much of their success to See also:

• ADVENTITIOUS (from Lat. adventicius, coming from abroad)

adventitious causes which have See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long ceased to operate . They are useful, however (especially the voluminous Memoires inedits sur le XVIII' siecle, to vols., 1825), as furnishing material for history . Most of her writings were translated into English almost as soon as they were published . A See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of her writings with useful notes is given by See also:

• QUERARD, JOSEPH MARIE (1797-1865)

Querard in La France litteraire . Start-See also:

• LING, PER HENRIK (1776-1839)

ling See also:

• LIGHT

light was thrown on her relations with the due de Chartres by the publication (1904) of her See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with him in L'Idylle d'un gouverneur " by G . Maugras . See also Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol . Hi.; H .

See also:

• AUSTIN
• AUSTIN, ALFRED
• AUSTIN, JOHN (179o-1859)
• AUSTIN, SARAH (1793-1867)
• AUSTIN, STEPHEN FULLER (1793-1836)

Austin See also:

• DOBSON, HENRY AUSTIN (184o- )
• DOBSON, WILLIAM (16ro-1646)

Dobson, Four Frenchwomen (189o) ; L . Chabaud, Les Precurseurs du feminisme (1901); W. de Chabreul, Gouverneur de princes, 1737–183o (190o) ; and Lettres inedites a . . Casimir Baecker, 1802–1830 (1902), edited by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Lapauze .