GEOPONICI  ,' or Scriptores rei rusticae, the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• ROMAN

Roman writers on husbandry and See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture . On the whole the Greeks paid less See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention than the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans to the scientific study of these subjects, which in classical times they regarded as a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of See also:

• ECONOMICS

economics . Thus See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon's Oeconomicus (see also Memorabilia, ii . 4) contains a eulogy of agriculture and its beneficial ethical effects, and much See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information is to be found in the writings of See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle and his See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus . About the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as Xenophon, the philosopher See also:

• DEMOCRITUS

Democritus of See also:

• ABDERA

Abdera wrote a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise Hepi Fewpytas, frequently quoted and much used by the later compilers of Geoponica (agricultural See also:

• TREATISES

treatises) . Greater attention was given to the subject in the Alexandrian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period; a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of names is given by See also:

• VARRO, MARCUS TERENTIUS (116—27 B.C.)
• VARRO, PUBLIUS TERENTIUS

Varro and See also:

• COLUMELLA, LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS

Columella, amongst them See also:

• HIERO (strictly HIERON)

Hiero II. and Attalus III . Philometor . Later, See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius See also:

• DIONYSIUS
• DIONYSIUS (c. 432–367 B.C.)

Dionysius of See also:

• UTICA

Utica translated and abridged the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• WORK

work of the Carthaginian See also:

• MAGO

Mago, which was still further condensed by Diophanes of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea in See also:

• BITHYNIA (BtOvpta)

Bithynia for the use of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• DEIOTARUS

Deiotarus . From these and similar See also:

• WORKS

works See also:

• CASSIANUS, JOANNES EREMITA, or JOANNES

Cassianus See also:

• BASSUS, AUFIDIUS
• BASSUS, CAESIUS
• BASSUS, CASSIANUS
• BASSUS, SALEIUS

Bassus (q.v.) compiled his Geoponica . Mention may also be made of a little work Hept FewpytKWv by See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael See also:

• PSELLUS (Gr.'I' XXor)

Psellus (printed in Boissonade, Anecdota Graeca, i.) . The Romans, aware of the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of maintaining a numerous and thriving See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of agriculturists, from very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times endeavoured to instil into their countrymen both a theoretical and a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical knowledge of the subject . The occupation of the See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer was regarded as next in importance to that of the soldier, and distinguished Romans did not disdain to practise it .

In furtherance of this See also:

• OBJECT

object, the great work of Mago was translated into Latin by order of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, and the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato wrote his De agri cultura (extant in a very 'corrupt See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state), a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record in homely See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of the rules observed by the old, Roman landed proprietors rather than a theoretical treatise . He was followed by the two Sasernae (See also:

• FATHER

father and son) and Gnaeus Tre:nellius Scrofa, whose works are lost . The learned See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus Terentius Varro of Reate, when eighty years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, composed his Rerum rusticarum, libri tres, dealing with agriculture, the ' The latinized See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a non-existent rew7rovsKOt, used for convenience . suffered martyrdom, among whom also the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George was martyred." Two Syrian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions bearing the name, one at Ezr'a and the other at Shaka, found by See also:

• BURCKHARDT, JAKOB (1818–1897)
• BURCKHARDT, JOHN LEWIS [JOHANN LUDWIG] (1784-1817)

Burckhardt and See also:

• PORTER
• PORTER, BENJAMIN CURTIS (1843– )
• PORTER, DAVID (1780-1843)
• PORTER, DAVID DIXON (1813-1891)
• PORTER, ENDYMION (1587–1649)
• PORTER, HENRY (ft. 1596-1599)
• PORTER, HORACE (1837– )
• PORTER, JANE (1776–1850)
• PORTER, MARY (d. 1765)
• PORTER, NOAH (1811–1892)

Porter, and discussed by J . See also:

• HOGG, JAMES (1770-1835)
• HOGG, THOMAS JEFFERSON (1792–1862)

Hogg in the Transactions of the Royal See also:

• LITERARY

Literary Society, may with some See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability be assigned to the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . See also:

• CALVIN, JOHN (1509-1564)

Calvin impugned the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint's existence altogether, and See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• REYNOLDS, JOHN FULTON (182o-1863)
• REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA (1723-1792)
• REYNOLDS, WALTER (d. 1327)

Reynolds (r 599-1676) ,See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich, like Edward See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon a century later, made him one with George of See also:

• LAODICEA
• LAODICEA, SYNOD OF

Laodicea, called " the Cappadocian," the Arian bishop of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria (see GEORGE OF LAODICEA) . See also:

• MODERN

Modern See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, while rejecting this See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification, is not unwilling to accept the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main fact that an officer named Georgios, of high See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, suffered martyrdom probably under See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian . In the See also:

• CANON

canon of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• GELASIUS

Gelasius (494) George is mentioned in a list of those " whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to See also:

• GOD

God," a statement which implies that legends had already grown up around his name . The caution of Gelasius was not long preserved; See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of See also:

• TOURS

Tours, for example, asserts that the saint's See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics actually existed in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Le See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, where many miracles were wrought by means of them; and See also:

• BEDE, BEDA, or B
• BEDE, CUTHBERT

Bede, while still explaining that the Gesta Georgii are reckoned apocryphal, commits himself to the statement that the See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr was beheaded under Dacian, king of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, whose wife Alexandra, however, adhered to the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian faith . The great fame of George, who is reverenced alike by Eastern and Western Christendom and by Mahommedans, is due to many causes . He was martyred on the See also:

• EVE

eve of the See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, his See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine was reared near the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a great Greek See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend (See also:

• PERSEUS

Perseus and See also:

• ANDROMEDA

Andromeda), and his relics when removed from Lydda, where many pilgrims had visited them, to Zorava in the Hauran served to impress his fame not only on the Syrian See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, but on their Moslem conquerors, and again on the Crusaders, who in grateful memory of the saint's intervention on their behalf at See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch built a new See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral at Lydda to take the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the church destroyed by the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens . This cathedral was in turn destroyed by See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin .

The connexion of St George with a See also:

• DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,

dragon, See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar since the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine, can be traced to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 6th century . At See also:

• ARSUF

Arsuf or See also:

• JOPPA

Joppa—neither of them far from Lydda—Perseus had slain the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster that threatened the virgin Andromeda, and George, like many another Christian saint, entered into the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of veneration previously enjoyed by a See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero.' The exploit thus attaches itself to the very See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• ARYAN

Aryan myth of the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-god as the conqueror of the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of darkness . The popularity of St George in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England has never reached the height attained by St See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, St See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David in See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales or St See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . The See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford in 1222 ordered that his feast should be kept as a See also:

• NATIONAL

national festival; but it was not until the time of Edward III. that he was made See also:

• PATRON

patron of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . The republics of See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa and See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice were also under his See also:

• PROTECTION

protection . Sec P . Heylin, The See also:

• HISTORY

History of ... S . George of See also:

• CAPPADOCIA

Cappadocia (1631); S . See also:

• BARING

Baring-See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould, Curious Myths of the Middle Ages; Fr . See also:

• GORRES, JOHANN JOSEPH VON (1776-1848)

Gorres, " Der See also:

• RITTER, HEINRICH (1791-1869)
• RITTER, KARL (1779–1859)

Ritter St Georg in der Geschichte, Legende and Kunst " (Zeitschrift See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur wissenschaftliche Theologie, See also:

• XXX

xxx., 1887, Heft i.); E . A .

W . Budge, The Martyrdom and Miracles of St George of Cappadocia: the Coptic texts edited with an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation (1888) ; See also:

• ROLLAND, JOHN (fl. 1560)

Rolland, Ada Sancti, iii. ioi ; E . O . See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon, Saint George (1907) ; M . H . Gulley, St George for Merrie England (1908) .