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8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE GEORGE (1787-1876)

HENRY GEORGE (1839—1897)

SAINT GEORGE (d. 303)

GEORGES DE SCUDERY (16or-1667)

GERARD (c. 1040-1120)

GERARD (d. I1o8)

FERD AART DE GELDER CAREL FABRITIUS GERBRANDT VAN DEN EECKHOUT JAN VICTOR GERARD DOU

GERARD OF CREMONA (c. I114-1187)

COUNT ETIENNE MAURICE GERARD (1773–1852)

BARON FRANCOIS GERARD (1770-1837)

JEAN IGNACE ISIDORE GERARD (1803-1847)

JOHN GERARD (1545-1612)

GERARD, or GIRARD, AUDRAN

GERASA (mod. Gerash or Jerash)

ERNST LUDWIG GERBER (1746-1819)

GABRIEL GERBERON (1628-1711)

MARTIN GERBERT (172o-1793)

GERBIL, or GERBILLE

FRIEDRICH WILHELM EDUARD GERHARD (1795-1867)

CHARLES FREDERIC GERHARDT (1816-1856)

PAUL GERHARDT (c. 1606–1676)

JEAN LOUIS ANDRE THEODORE GERICAULT (1791-1824)

BARON DE ETIENNE CONSTANTIN GERLACHE

CHRISTOPHE ANTOINE GERLE (1736–c. 1801)

GERMAN BAPTIST BRETHREN, or GERMAN BRETHREN

GERMAN CATHOLICS (Deutschkatholiken)

GERMAN EAST AFRICA

GERMAN EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF NORTH AMERICA

GERMAN LANGUAGE

GERMAN LITERATURE

GERMAN REED ENTERTAINMENT

DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN GERMAN

EARLY GERMANIC LAWS

GERMANICUS CAESAR (15 B.C.—A.D. 19)

GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

ANASTASIUS [ANASTASE GERMON] GERMONIUS (1551-1627)

GERO (c. 900-965)

JEAN LEON GEROME (1824-1904)

GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta)

GERRHA (Arab. al-Jar'a)

ELBRIDGE GERRY (1744–1814)

GERRYMANDER (usually pronounced " jerrymander," but the g was originally pronounced hard)

JOHN GERSON (1363—1429)

GERSONIDES, or BEN GERSON (GERSHON), LEVI

FALLS OF GERSOPPA

FRIEDRICH GERSTACKER (1816-1872)

HEINRICH WILHELM VON GERSTENBERG (1737-1823)

NICOLAS EUGENE GERUZEZ (1799-1865)

PAUL GERVAIS (1816-1879)

GERVASE OF CANTERBURY (d. c. 1210)

GERVASE OF TILBURY (fl. 1211)

GEORG GOTTFRIED GERVINUS (18os–1871)

GERYON (GERYONES, GERYONEUS)

HEINRICH FRIEDRICH WILHELM GESENIIJS (1786—1842)

ABRAHAM GESNER (1797-1864)

JOHANN MATTHIAS GESNER (1691—1761)

GESTA ROMANORUM

PUBLIUS SEPTIMIUS GETA (189-212)

GETHSEMANE (Hebr. for " oil-press ")

ARNOLD GEULINCX (1624-1669)

GEYSER, GEISER, or GEISIR

AUGUST FRIEDRICH GFRORER (1803–1861)

GADAMES GHADAMES

GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

GHAZI (an Arabic word, from ghazd, to fight)

GHEE (Hindostani ghi)

GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

LORENZO GHIBERTI (137$–1455)

DOMENICO GHIRLANDAJO (1449-1494)

RIDOLFO GHIRLANDAJO (1483-1560)

GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

PAOLO GIACOMETTI (1816-1882)

GIAMBELLI (or GIANIBErL1), FEDERIGO

GIAN BATTISTA (1485-1557)

PIETRO GIANNONE (1676-1748)

GIANNUTRI (Gr. 'Apreµlvcov, Lat. Dianium)

GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

GIAOUR (a Turkish adaptation of the Pers. gdwr or gbr, an infidel)

ADAM GIB (1714-1788)

GIBARA, or JIBARA

EDWARD GIBBON (1737–1794)

GRINLING GIBBONS (1648-1721)

JAMES GIBBONS (1834– )

ORLANDO GIBBONS (1583-1625)

JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS (1839-1903)

OLIVER WOLCOTT GIBBS (1822-1908)

CHARLES DANA GIBSON (1867- )

EDMUND GIBSON (1669-1748)

JOHN GIBSON (1790-1866)

THOMAS MILNER GIBSON (1806-1884)

WILLIAM HAMILTON GIBSON (1850-1896)

JOHANN GEORG GICHTEL (1638-171o)

JOSHUA REED GIDDINGS (1795-1864)

GIDEON (in Hebrew, perhaps " hewer " or " warrior ")

CHRISTOPH GOTTFRIED ANDREAS GIEBEL (182o-1881)

NICHOLAS KARLOVICH DE GIERS (182o-1895)

WILHELM VON GIESEBRECHT (1814–1889)

JOHANN KARL LUDWIG GIESELER (1792–1854)

GODFREY GIFFARD (c. 1235—1302)

WALTER GIFFARD (d. 1279)

WILLIAM GIFFARD (d. 1129)

SIR ROBERT GIFFEN (1837—1910)

ROBERT SWAIN GIFFORD (184o—19o5)

SANDFORD ROBINSON GIFFORD (1823–188o)

WILLIAM GIFFORD (1756-1826)

GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

GIFU (IMAIZUnti)

GIGLIO (anc. Igilium)

GILAN (GUILAN, GUILAN)

JAMES WILLIAM GILBART (1794-1863)

GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS

GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)

GILBERT DE LA PORREE

GILBERT FOLIOT (d. 1187)

ST GILBERT OF SEMPRINGHAM

ALFRED GILBERT (1854– )

ANN GILBERT (1821-1904)

GROVE KARL GILBERT (1843– )

JOHN GILBERT (1810-1889)

MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] GILBERT (1818-1861)

NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT GILBERT (1751–1780)

SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT (c. 1539-1583)

SIR JOSEPH HENRY GILBERT (1817-1901)

SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK GILBERT (1836– )

1ST BART SIR WALTER GILBEY

GILDAS, or GILDUS (c. 516–J70)

RICHARD WATSON GILDER (1844–1909)

BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE (1831– )

GILDS, or GUILDS

GILEAD (i.e. " hard " or " rugged," a name sometimes used, both in earlier and in later writers, to denote the whole of the territory occupied by the Israelites eastward of Jordan, extending from the Arnon to the southern base of Hermon (Dent. xxxiv. 1; J

GILES (GIL, GILLES), ST

GEORGE GILFILLAN (1813-1878)

GILGAL (Heb. for " circle " of sacred stones)

GILLES LI MUISIS, or LE MUISET (c. 1272-1352)

GEORGE GILLESPIE (1613-1648)

THOMAS GILLESPIE (1708-1774)

GILLIE (from the Gael. gille, Irish gille or giolla, a servant or boy)

JOHN GILLIES (1747-1836)

CLAUDE GILLOT (1673-1722)

JOSEPH GILLOTT (1799-1873)

ROBERT GILLOW (d. 1773)

JAMES GILLRAY (1757-1815)

DANIEL COIT GILMAN (1831-1908)

PATRICK SARSFIELD GILMORE (1829-1892)

BERNARD GILPIN (1517-1583)

GILSONITE (so named after S. H. Gilson of Salt Lake City)

GIMLET (from the O. Fr. guimbelet, probably a diminutive of the O.E. wimble, and the Scandinavian wammle, to bore or twist; the modern French is gibelet)

ANTON GINDELY (1829–1892)

GINGALL, or JINGAL (Hindostani janjal)

GINGER (Fr. gingembre, Ger. Ingwer)

GINGI, or GINGEE

GODART VAN GINKEL (163o-17o3)

CHRISTIAN DAVID GINSBURG (1831– )

VINCENZO GIOBERTI (18oI-1852)

MELCHIORRE GIOJA (1767-1829)

GIOVANNI GIOLITTI (1842– )

LUCA GIORDANO (1632–1705)

GIORGIONE (1477-1510)

GIOTTINO (1324-1357)

GIOVANNI BELLINI

GIOVANNI DA UDINE

GIOVANNI DOMENICO CASSINI (1625-1712)

GIPSIES, or GYPSIES

GIGLIO GREGORIO [LILIus GREGORIUS GYRALDUS] GIRALDI (1479-1552)

GIOVANNI BATTISTA GIRALDI (1504-1573)

GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS (1146?-122o)

GIRANDOLE (from the Ital. girandola)

JEAN BAPTISTE [known as " Le Pere Girard " or" Le Pere Gregoire "] GIRARD (1765-185o)

PHILIPPE HENRI DE GIRARD (1775-1845)

STEPHEN GIRARD (1750-1831)

DELPHINE DE GIRARDIN (1804–1855)

EMILE DE GIRARDIN (1802–1881)

FRANCOIS GIRARDON (1628-1715)

GIRART DE ROUSSILLON

COUNT GIOVANNI GIRAUD (1776-1834)

GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

GIRGA, or GIRGEH

GIRGENTI (anc. Agrigent'um, q.v.)

ANNE LOUIS GIRODET DE ROUSSY (1767-7824)

GIROLAMO (1450-1486)

GIROLAMO GIUSEPPE (1555-1611)

GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

THOMAS GIRTIN (1775-18o2)

GIRY (JEAN MARIE JOSEPH), ARTHUR (1848-1899)

GISLEBERT (or GILBERT) OF MONS (c. 1150-1225)

GEORGE ROBERT GISSING (18J7-1903)

GITSCHIN (Czech Jicin)

PAOLO EMILIANO GIUDICI (1812-1872)

GIULIO ROMANO, or GIULI0 PIPP1 (c. 1492-1546)

GIURGEVO (Giurgiu)

GIUSEPPE GIUSTI (1809–1850)

GIUSTO DA GUANTO [JoDOCUS, or JUSTUS, of GHENT] (fl. 1465–1475)

GLACIER (adopted from the French; from glace, ice, Lat. glacies)

WASHINGTON GLADDEN (1836- )

GLADIATORS (from Lat. gladius, sword)

GLADSHEIM (Old Norse Gladsheimr)

JOHN HALL GLADSTONE (1827-1902)

WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE (1809–1898)

GLAIR (from Fr. glaire, probably from Lat. clams, clear, bright)

JAMES GLAISHER (1809-1903)

GLAMORGANSHIRE (Welsh Morganwg)

GLANDERS, or FARCY (Equinia)

GLANVILL (or GLANVIL), JOSEPH (1636-168o)

RANULF DE GLANVILL (sometimes written GLANVIL, GLANVILLE) (d. 1190)

HENRY GLAPTHORNE (fl. 1635-1642)

GLARUS (Fr. Glaris)

GEORGE GLAS (1725-1765)

JOHN GLAS (1695-1773)

CHRISTOPHER GLASER

GLASITES, or SANDEMANIANS

GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")

ADOLF GLASSBRENNER (1810-1876)

SALOMO GLASSIUS (1593-1656)

JOSEPH ALBERT ALEXANDRE GLATIGNY (1839-1873)

GLATZ (Slay. Kladsko)

JOHANN RUDOLF GLAUBER (1604-1668)

GLAUCOUS (Gr. yAavK6s, bright, gleaming)

GLAUCUS (" bright ")

ALEXANDER CONSTANTINOVICH GLAZUNOV (1865- )

GLEBE (Lat. glaeba, gleba, clod or lump of earth, hence soil, land)

GEORGE GLEIG (1753-1840)

JOHANN WILHELM LUDWIG GLEIM (1719-1803)

EARLS OF GLENCAIRN

JOHN INGLIS GLENCORSE

VALE OF GLENDALOUGH

OWEN GLENDOWER (c. 1359–1415)

BARON CHARLES GRANT GLENELG (1778-1866)

GLENGARRIFF, or GLENGARIFF (" Rough Glen ")

MARC CHARLES GABRIEL GLEYRE (1806-1874)

GEORGE ROBINS GLIDDON (1809-1857)

FEDOR NIKOLAEVICH GLINKA (1788-1849)

MICHAEL IVANOVICH GLINKA (1803-18s7)

SERGY NIKOLAEVICH GLINKA (1774-1847)

GLOCKENSPIEL, or ORCHESTRAL BELLS (Fr. carillon; Ger. Glockenspiel, Stahlharmonika; Ital. carnpanelli; Med. Lat. tintinnabulum, cymbalum, bombulum)

GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)

GLOUCESTER CITY

EARLS AND DUKES OF GLOUCESTER

EARL OF GILBERT DE CLARE GLOUCESTER (1243-1295)

EARL OF RICHARD DE CLARE GLOUCESTER (1222-1262)

EARL OF ROBERT GLOUCESTER (d. 1147)

DUKE THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK GLOUCESTER

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

GLOVE (O. Eng. glof, perhaps connected with Gothic lofa, the palm of the hand)

RICHARD GLOVER (1712-1785)

SIR JOHN HAWLEY GLOVER (1829-1885)

GLUCOSE (from Gr. - twais, sweet)

GLUE (from the O. Fr. glu, bird-lime, from the Late Lat. gluten, glus, glue)

GLUTARIC ACID, or NORMAL PYROTARTARIC ACID

GLUTTON, or WOLVERINE (Gulo luscus)

GLYCERINE GLYCERIN

GLYCONIC (from Glycon, a Greek lyric poet)

GLYPH (from Gr. yXi4€ty, to carve)

GLYPTODON (Greek for " fluted-tooth ")

GLYPTOTHEK (from Gr. y?tnrros, carved, and OiiKf, a place of storage)

GNAEUS DOMITIUS AHENOBARBUS

GNAT (0. Eng. gnat)

GNATIA (also EGNATIA or IGNATIA, mod. Anazzo, near Fasano)

COUNT AUGUST WILHELM ANTON GNEISENAU

HEINRICH RUDOLF HERMANN FRIEDRICH VON GNEIST (1816-1895)

GNESEN (Polish, Gniezno)

AND GNOMIC POETRY GNOME

GNOMES (Fr. gnomes, Ger. Gnomen)

GNOSTICISM (Gr. yvwvcs, knowledge)