GERARD (d. I1o8)  , archbishop of York under Henry I., began his career as a chancery clerk in the service of William Rufus . He was one of the two royal envoys who, in 1095, persuaded Urban II. to send a legate and Anselm's pallium to England . Although the legate disappointed the king's expectations, Gerard was rewarded for his services with the see of Hereford (I0g6) . On the death of Rufus he at once declared for Henry I., by whom he was nominated to the see of York . He made difficulties when required to give Anselm the usual profession of obedience; and it was perhaps to assert the importance of his see that he took the king's side on the question of investitures . He pleaded Henry's cause at Rome with great ability, and claimed that he had obtained a promise, on the pope's part, to condone the existing practice of lay investiture . But this statement was contradicted by Paschal, and Gerard incurred the suspicion of perjury . About 1103 he wrote or inspired a series of tracts which defended the king's prerogative and attacked the oecumenical pretensions of the papacy with great freedom of language . He changed sides in 1105, becoming a stanch friend and sup-porter of Anselm . Gerard was a man of considerable learning and ability; but the chroniclers accuse of being lax in his morals, an astrologer and a worshipper of the devil . See the Tractatus Eboracenses edited by H . Bochmer in Libelli de lite Sacerdotii et Imperii, vol. iii .

(in the Monumenta hist . Germaniae,

quarto series), and the same author's Kirche and Staat in England and in der Normandie (Leipzig, 1899) . (H . W . C .