Online Encyclopedia

GERMAN NEW

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 490 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GERMAN NEW 
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GUINEA The German
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protectorate of New Guinea, so called after the island which contributes the greatest
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area, comprehends, besides Kaiser Wilhelms
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Land, the islands which are now commonly called the Bismarck Archipelago—viz . New Pomerania, New
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Mecklenburg, with New Hanover and the Admiralty Islands and the Solomon Islands (Bougainville and Buka) . There are besides nearly 200 smaller islands and islets scattered among their greater neighbours . In 1884 New Guinea was absolutely wild, not a single white man living on what is now the German
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part . On the islands New Pomerania and Mioko only two trading firms had their establishments; and on New
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Lauenburg the Wesleyans had a
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mission station . After the annexation commercial enterprise set in at once, hand in hand with
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political administration . Now on the mainland and in the islands plantations have been established and
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tobacco and cotton have been successfully grown . Three German mission societies formed settlements on New Guinea, with a branch one on the Gazelle peninsula . The protectorate is included in the Universal Postal Union; each harbour has its
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post office, also a leading official with a number of assistants to control the natives and the revenue . It is divided into two districts with
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separate administrations, New Guinea and the Bismarck
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Archipelago; over both presides an imperial governor, the seat of government being HerbertshShe in New Pomerania . A small police force of natives has been formed . In each
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district there is a registry of deeds and a court of law, and in New Guinea a court of
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appeal, of which the governor is president .

A

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line of steamers plies between New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Singapore . A
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special
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silver coin of rupee value has been introduced . The area of Kaiser Wilhelms Land is approximately 70,000 sq. m . It is impossible to speak with any precision of the number of the native population, but the white population in 1906 was 149 . The revenue of German New Guinea is derived from taxes, dues and licences, and amounted on the 31st of March 1892 to about £3000; on the same
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rate, 1901, to £3750 . The
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annual revenue is averaged at £5000, and the
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expenditure at £4200 . The New Guinea
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Company was to receive £20,000 for transferring proprietorship to government, which took over the administration in 1899 . In 1903 imports into Kaiser Wilhelms Land were valued at £33,316,and exports at £7702, and the estimated expenditure for 1907–190g of £76,00o included an imperial subvention of £57,696 . The chief harbours are Friedrich Wilhelmshafen and Konstantinhafen . Order is maintained by an armed constabulary force, under a
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European officer, of about 180, almost all natives from different districts, whose members are found to be very efficient and trustworthy . The expenditure is about £38,000 annually, and the revenue, mainly derived from customs duties, is rapidly increasing .

End of Article: GERMAN NEW
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